Avirulence gene mapping in the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) reveals a protein phosphatase 2C effector gene family.

TitleAvirulence gene mapping in the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) reveals a protein phosphatase 2C effector gene family.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2016
AuthorsZhao, C, Shukle, R, Navarro-Escalante, L, Chen, M, Richards, S, Stuart, JJ
JournalJ Insect Physiol
Volume84
Pagination22-31
Date Published2016 Jan
ISSN1879-1611
KeywordsAnimals, Chromosome Mapping, Crosses, Genetic, Diptera, Female, Genes, Insect, Genes, Plant, Genes, Recessive, Genes, X-Linked, Host-Parasite Interactions, Male, Phosphoprotein Phosphatases, Plant Immunity, Plant Proteins, Plant Tumors, Protein Phosphatase 2C, Telomere, Triticum, Virulence
Abstract

The genetic tractability of the Hessian fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor) provides an opportunity to investigate the mechanisms insects use to induce plant gall formation. Here we demonstrate that capacity using the newly sequenced HF genome by identifying the gene (vH24) that elicits effector-triggered immunity in wheat (Triticum spp.) seedlings carrying HF resistance gene H24. vH24 was mapped within a 230-kb genomic fragment near the telomere of HF chromosome X1. That fragment contains only 21 putative genes. The best candidate vH24 gene in this region encodes a protein containing a secretion signal and a type-2 serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PP2C) domain. This gene has an H24-virulence associated insertion in its promoter that appears to silence transcription of the gene in H24-virulent larvae. Candidate vH24 is a member of a small family of genes that encode secretion signals and PP2C domains. It belongs to the fraction of genes in the HF genome previously predicted to encode effector proteins. Because PP2C proteins are not normally secreted, our results suggest that these are PP2C effectors that HF larvae inject into wheat cells to redirect, or interfere, with wheat signal transduction pathways.

DOI10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.10.001
Alternate JournalJ Insect Physiol
PubMed ID26439791

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