Biallelic GRM7 variants cause epilepsy, microcephaly, and cerebral atrophy.

TitleBiallelic GRM7 variants cause epilepsy, microcephaly, and cerebral atrophy.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2020
AuthorsMarafi, D, Mitani, T, Isikay, S, Hertecant, J, Almannai, M, Manickam, K, Jamra, RAbou, El-Hattab, AW, Rajah, J, Fatih, JM, Du, H, Karaca, E, Bayram, Y, Punetha, J, Rosenfeld, JA, Jhangiani, SN, Boerwinkle, E, Akdemir, ZC, Erdin, S, Hunter, JV, Gibbs, RA, Pehlivan, D, Posey, JE, Lupski, JR
JournalAnn Clin Transl Neurol
Volume7
Issue5
Pagination610-627
Date Published2020 May
ISSN2328-9503
KeywordsAdolescent, Alleles, Atrophy, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Consanguinity, Epilepsy, Exome Sequencing, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Microcephaly, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Pedigree, Phenotype, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Defects in ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors are implicated in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7), encoded by GRM7, is a presynaptic G-protein-coupled glutamate receptor critical for synaptic transmission. We previously proposed GRM7 as a candidate disease gene in two families with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). One additional family has been published since. Here, we describe three additional families with GRM7 biallelic variants and deeply characterize the associated clinical neurological and electrophysiological phenotype and molecular data in 11 affected individuals from six unrelated families.METHODS: Exome sequencing and family-based rare variant analyses on a cohort of 220 consanguineous families with NDDs revealed three families with GRM7 biallelic variants; three additional families were identified through literature search and collaboration with a clinical molecular laboratory.RESULTS: We compared the observed clinical features and variants of 11 affected individuals from the six unrelated families. Identified novel deleterious variants included two homozygous missense variants (c.2671G>A:p.Glu891Lys and c.1973G>A:p.Arg685Gln) and one homozygous stop-gain variant (c.1975C>T:p.Arg659Ter). Developmental delay, neonatal- or infantile-onset epilepsy, and microcephaly were universal. Three individuals had hypothalamic-pituitary-axis dysfunction without pituitary structural abnormality. Neuroimaging showed cerebral atrophy and hypomyelination in a majority of cases. Two siblings demonstrated progressive loss of myelination by 2 years in both and an acquired microcephaly pattern in one. Five individuals died in early or late childhood.CONCLUSION: Detailed clinical characterization of 11 individuals from six unrelated families demonstrates that rare biallelic GRM7 pathogenic variants can cause DEEs, microcephaly, hypomyelination, and cerebral atrophy.

DOI10.1002/acn3.51003
Alternate JournalAnn Clin Transl Neurol
PubMed ID32286009
PubMed Central IDPMC7261753
Grant ListU54HG003273 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States
UM1 HG006542 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States
R35 NS105078 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States
T32 NS043124-17 / NH / NIH HHS / United States
T32 GM007526-42 / NH / NIH HHS / United States
R35NS105078 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States
K08 HG008986 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States

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