Exome sequencing identifies rare LDLR and APOA5 alleles conferring risk for myocardial infarction.

TitleExome sequencing identifies rare LDLR and APOA5 alleles conferring risk for myocardial infarction.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2015
AuthorsDo, R, Stitziel, NO, Won, H-H, Jørgensen, ABerg, Duga, S, Merlini, PAngelica, Kiezun, A, Farrall, M, Goel, A, Zuk, O, Guella, I, Asselta, R, Lange, LA, Peloso, GM, Auer, PL, Girelli, D, Martinelli, N, Farlow, DN, DePristo, MA, Roberts, R, Stewart, AFR, Saleheen, D, Danesh, J, Epstein, SE, Sivapalaratnam, S, G Hovingh, K, Kastelein, JJ, Samani, NJ, Schunkert, H, Erdmann, J, Shah, SH, Kraus, WE, Davies, R, Nikpay, M, Johansen, CT, Wang, J, Hegele, RA, Hechter, E, Marz, W, Kleber, ME, Huang, J, Johnson, AD, Li, M, Burke, GL, Gross, M, Liu, Y, Assimes, TL, Heiss, G, Lange, EM, Folsom, AR, Taylor, HA, Olivieri, O, Hamsten, A, Clarke, R, Reilly, DF, Yin, W, Rivas, MA, Donnelly, P, Rossouw, JE, Psaty, BM, Herrington, DM, Wilson, JG, Rich, SS, Bamshad, MJ, Tracy, RP, L Cupples, A, Rader, DJ, Reilly, MP, Spertus, JA, Cresci, S, Hartiala, J, Tang, WHWilson, Hazen, SL, Allayee, H, Reiner, AP, Carlson, CS, Kooperberg, C, Jackson, RD, Boerwinkle, E, Lander, ES, Schwartz, SM, Siscovick, DS, McPherson, R, Tybjaerg-Hansen, A, Abecasis, GR, Watkins, H, Nickerson, DA, Ardissino, D, Sunyaev, SR, O'Donnell, CJ, Altshuler, D, Gabriel, S, Kathiresan, S
Corporate AuthorsNHLBI Exome Sequencing Project
JournalNature
Volume518
Issue7537
Pagination102-6
Date Published2015 Feb 05
ISSN1476-4687
KeywordsAge Factors, Age of Onset, Alleles, Apolipoprotein A-V, Apolipoproteins A, Case-Control Studies, Cholesterol, LDL, Coronary Artery Disease, Exome, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetics, Population, Heterozygote, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Myocardial Infarction, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.), Receptors, LDL, Triglycerides, United States
Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI), a leading cause of death around the world, displays a complex pattern of inheritance. When MI occurs early in life, genetic inheritance is a major component to risk. Previously, rare mutations in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) genes have been shown to contribute to MI risk in individual families, whereas common variants at more than 45 loci have been associated with MI risk in the population. Here we evaluate how rare mutations contribute to early-onset MI risk in the population. We sequenced the protein-coding regions of 9,793 genomes from patients with MI at an early age (≤50 years in males and ≤60 years in females) along with MI-free controls. We identified two genes in which rare coding-sequence mutations were more frequent in MI cases versus controls at exome-wide significance. At low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), carriers of rare non-synonymous mutations were at 4.2-fold increased risk for MI; carriers of null alleles at LDLR were at even higher risk (13-fold difference). Approximately 2% of early MI cases harbour a rare, damaging mutation in LDLR; this estimate is similar to one made more than 40 years ago using an analysis of total cholesterol. Among controls, about 1 in 217 carried an LDLR coding-sequence mutation and had plasma LDL cholesterol > 190 mg dl(-1). At apolipoprotein A-V (APOA5), carriers of rare non-synonymous mutations were at 2.2-fold increased risk for MI. When compared with non-carriers, LDLR mutation carriers had higher plasma LDL cholesterol, whereas APOA5 mutation carriers had higher plasma triglycerides. Recent evidence has connected MI risk with coding-sequence mutations at two genes functionally related to APOA5, namely lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein C-III (refs 18, 19). Combined, these observations suggest that, as well as LDL cholesterol, disordered metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins contributes to MI risk.

DOI10.1038/nature13917
Alternate JournalNature
PubMed ID25487149
PubMed Central IDPMC4319990
Grant ListT32HL00720 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
RC2 HL102923 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
R01 NS017950 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States
R01HL107816 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
P01 HL076491 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
R01 AG033193 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States
P01 HL098055 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
090532 / WT_ / Wellcome Trust / United Kingdom
RC2 HL-102925 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
K08HL114642 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
U54 HG003067 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States
R01 HL107816 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
MR/L003120/1 / MRC_ / Medical Research Council / United Kingdom
RC2 HL102926 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
095552 / WT_ / Wellcome Trust / United Kingdom
RC2 HL-102926 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
RC2 HL-102923 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
/ CAPMC / CIHR / Canada
T32HL007604 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
G-0907 / PUK_ / Parkinson's UK / United Kingdom
T32 HL007208 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
K08 HL114642 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
RC2 HL-102924 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
RC2 HL102924 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
RG/08/014/24067 / BHF_ / British Heart Foundation / United Kingdom
5U54HG003067-11 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States
UL1 TR000439 / TR / NCATS NIH HHS / United States
RC2 HL103010 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
S10 OD020069 / OD / NIH HHS / United States
P30 AG010129 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States
R01 NR013396 / NR / NINR NIH HHS / United States
RC2 HL-103010 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
RC2 HL102925 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States

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