%0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2021 %T The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits. %A Chen, Ji %A Spracklen, Cassandra N %A Marenne, Gaëlle %A Varshney, Arushi %A Corbin, Laura J %A Luan, Jian'an %A Willems, Sara M %A Wu, Ying %A Zhang, Xiaoshuai %A Horikoshi, Momoko %A Boutin, Thibaud S %A Mägi, Reedik %A Waage, Johannes %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Chan, Kei Hang Katie %A Yao, Jie %A Anasanti, Mila D %A Chu, Audrey Y %A Claringbould, Annique %A Heikkinen, Jani %A Hong, Jaeyoung %A Hottenga, Jouke-Jan %A Huo, Shaofeng %A Kaakinen, Marika A %A Louie, Tin %A Marz, Winfried %A Moreno-Macias, Hortensia %A Ndungu, Anne %A Nelson, Sarah C %A Nolte, Ilja M %A North, Kari E %A Raulerson, Chelsea K %A Ray, Debashree %A Rohde, Rebecca %A Rybin, Denis %A Schurmann, Claudia %A Sim, Xueling %A Southam, Lorraine %A Stewart, Isobel D %A Wang, Carol A %A Wang, Yujie %A Wu, Peitao %A Zhang, Weihua %A Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S %A Appel, Emil V R %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Burtt, Noël P %A Cabrera, Claudia P %A Cade, Brian E %A Chai, Jin Fang %A Chai, Xiaoran %A Chang, Li-Ching %A Chen, Chien-Hsiun %A Chen, Brian H %A Chitrala, Kumaraswamy Naidu %A Chiu, Yen-Feng %A de Haan, Hugoline G %A Delgado, Graciela E %A Demirkan, Ayse %A Duan, Qing %A Engmann, Jorgen %A Fatumo, Segun A %A Gayán, Javier %A Giulianini, Franco %A Gong, Jung Ho %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Hai, Yang %A Hartwig, Fernando P %A He, Jing %A Heianza, Yoriko %A Huang, Tao %A Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia %A Hwang, Mi Yeong %A Jensen, Richard A %A Kawaguchi, Takahisa %A Kentistou, Katherine A %A Kim, Young Jin %A Kleber, Marcus E %A Kooner, Ishminder K %A Lai, Shuiqing %A Lange, Leslie A %A Langefeld, Carl D %A Lauzon, Marie %A Li, Man %A Ligthart, Symen %A Liu, Jun %A Loh, Marie %A Long, Jirong %A Lyssenko, Valeriya %A Mangino, Massimo %A Marzi, Carola %A Montasser, May E %A Nag, Abhishek %A Nakatochi, Masahiro %A Noce, Damia %A Noordam, Raymond %A Pistis, Giorgio %A Preuss, Michael %A Raffield, Laura %A Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J %A Rich, Stephen S %A Robertson, Neil R %A Rueedi, Rico %A Ryan, Kathleen %A Sanna, Serena %A Saxena, Richa %A Schraut, Katharina E %A Sennblad, Bengt %A Setoh, Kazuya %A Smith, Albert V %A Sparsø, Thomas %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Takeuchi, Fumihiko %A Tan, Jingyi %A Trompet, Stella %A van den Akker, Erik %A van der Most, Peter J %A Verweij, Niek %A Vogel, Mandy %A Wang, Heming %A Wang, Chaolong %A Wang, Nan %A Warren, Helen R %A Wen, Wanqing %A Wilsgaard, Tom %A Wong, Andrew %A Wood, Andrew R %A Xie, Tian %A Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi %A Zhao, Jing-Hua %A Zhao, Wei %A Amin, Najaf %A Arzumanyan, Zorayr %A Astrup, Arne %A Bakker, Stephan J L %A Baldassarre, Damiano %A Beekman, Marian %A Bergman, Richard N %A Bertoni, Alain %A Blüher, Matthias %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Bornstein, Stefan R %A Bowden, Donald W %A Cai, Qiuyin %A Campbell, Archie %A Campbell, Harry %A Chang, Yi Cheng %A de Geus, Eco J C %A Dehghan, Abbas %A Du, Shufa %A Eiriksdottir, Gudny %A Farmaki, Aliki Eleni %A Frånberg, Mattias %A Fuchsberger, Christian %A Gao, Yutang %A Gjesing, Anette P %A Goel, Anuj %A Han, Sohee %A Hartman, Catharina A %A Herder, Christian %A Hicks, Andrew A %A Hsieh, Chang-Hsun %A Hsueh, Willa A %A Ichihara, Sahoko %A Igase, Michiya %A Ikram, M Arfan %A Johnson, W Craig %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Joshi, Peter K %A Kalyani, Rita R %A Kandeel, Fouad R %A Katsuya, Tomohiro %A Khor, Chiea Chuen %A Kiess, Wieland %A Kolcic, Ivana %A Kuulasmaa, Teemu %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Läll, Kristi %A Lam, Kelvin %A Lawlor, Deborah A %A Lee, Nanette R %A Lemaitre, Rozenn N %A Li, Honglan %A Lin, Shih-Yi %A Lindström, Jaana %A Linneberg, Allan %A Liu, Jianjun %A Lorenzo, Carlos %A Matsubara, Tatsuaki %A Matsuda, Fumihiko %A Mingrone, Geltrude %A Mooijaart, Simon %A Moon, Sanghoon %A Nabika, Toru %A Nadkarni, Girish N %A Nadler, Jerry L %A Nelis, Mari %A Neville, Matt J %A Norris, Jill M %A Ohyagi, Yasumasa %A Peters, Annette %A Peyser, Patricia A %A Polasek, Ozren %A Qi, Qibin %A Raven, Dennis %A Reilly, Dermot F %A Reiner, Alex %A Rivideneira, Fernando %A Roll, Kathryn %A Rudan, Igor %A Sabanayagam, Charumathi %A Sandow, Kevin %A Sattar, Naveed %A Schürmann, Annette %A Shi, Jinxiu %A Stringham, Heather M %A Taylor, Kent D %A Teslovich, Tanya M %A Thuesen, Betina %A Timmers, Paul R H J %A Tremoli, Elena %A Tsai, Michael Y %A Uitterlinden, Andre %A van Dam, Rob M %A van Heemst, Diana %A van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid %A Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V %A Vangipurapu, Jagadish %A Vestergaard, Henrik %A Wang, Tao %A Willems van Dijk, Ko %A Zemunik, Tatijana %A Abecasis, Gonçalo R %A Adair, Linda S %A Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos Alberto %A Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E %A An, Ping %A Aviles-Santa, Larissa %A Becker, Diane M %A Beilin, Lawrence J %A Bergmann, Sven %A Bisgaard, Hans %A Black, Corri %A Boehnke, Michael %A Eric Boerwinkle %A Böhm, Bernhard O %A Bønnelykke, Klaus %A Boomsma, D I %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Buchanan, Thomas A %A Canouil, Mickaël %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Chambers, John C %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Chen, Yii-Der Ida %A Cheng, Ching-Yu %A Collins, Francis S %A Correa, Adolfo %A Cucca, Francesco %A de Silva, H Janaka %A Dedoussis, George %A Elmståhl, Sölve %A Evans, Michele K %A Ferrannini, Ele %A Ferrucci, Luigi %A Florez, Jose C %A Franks, Paul W %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Froguel, Philippe %A Gigante, Bruna %A Goodarzi, Mark O %A Gordon-Larsen, Penny %A Grallert, Harald %A Grarup, Niels %A Grimsgaard, Sameline %A Groop, Leif %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Hamsten, Anders %A Hansen, Torben %A Hayward, Caroline %A Heckbert, Susan R %A Horta, Bernardo L %A Huang, Wei %A Ingelsson, Erik %A James, Pankow S %A Jarvelin, Marjo-Ritta %A Jonas, Jost B %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Kaleebu, Pontiano %A Kaplan, Robert %A Kardia, Sharon L R %A Kato, Norihiro %A Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M %A Kim, Bong-Jo %A Kivimaki, Mika %A Koistinen, Heikki A %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Körner, Antje %A Kovacs, Peter %A Kuh, Diana %A Kumari, Meena %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Laakso, Markku %A Lakka, Timo A %A Launer, Lenore J %A Leander, Karin %A Li, Huaixing %A Lin, Xu %A Lind, Lars %A Lindgren, Cecilia %A Liu, Simin %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Magnusson, Patrik K E %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Metspalu, Andres %A Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O %A Mori, Trevor A %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Njølstad, Inger %A O'Connell, Jeffrey R %A Oldehinkel, Albertine J %A Ong, Ken K %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Palmer, Nicholette D %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Pennell, Craig E %A Porteous, David J %A Pramstaller, Peter P %A Province, Michael A %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Qi, Lu %A Raffel, Leslie J %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Redline, Susan %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rosendaal, Frits R %A Saaristo, Timo E %A Sandhu, Manjinder %A Saramies, Jouko %A Schneiderman, Neil %A Schwarz, Peter %A Scott, Laura J %A Selvin, Elizabeth %A Sever, Peter %A Shu, Xiao-Ou %A Slagboom, P Eline %A Small, Kerrin S %A Smith, Blair H %A Snieder, Harold %A Sofer, Tamar %A Sørensen, Thorkild I A %A Spector, Tim D %A Stanton, Alice %A Steves, Claire J %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Sun, Liang %A Tabara, Yasuharu %A Tai, E Shyong %A Timpson, Nicholas J %A Tonjes, Anke %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Tusie, Teresa %A Uusitupa, Matti %A van der Harst, Pim %A van Duijn, Cornelia %A Vitart, Veronique %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Vrijkotte, Tanja G M %A Wagenknecht, Lynne E %A Walker, Mark %A Wang, Ya X %A Wareham, Nick J %A Watanabe, Richard M %A Watkins, Hugh %A Wei, Wen B %A Wickremasinghe, Ananda R %A Willemsen, Gonneke %A Wilson, James F %A Wong, Tien-Yin %A Wu, Jer-Yuarn %A Xiang, Anny H %A Yanek, Lisa R %A Yengo, Loic %A Yokota, Mitsuhiro %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Zheng, Wei %A Zonderman, Alan B %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Gloyn, Anna L %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Dupuis, Josée %A Meigs, James B %A Scott, Robert A %A Prokopenko, Inga %A Leong, Aaron %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Parker, Stephen C J %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Wheeler, Eleanor %A Morris, Andrew P %A Barroso, Inês %K Alleles %K Blood Glucose %K Epigenesis, Genetic %K Gene Expression Profiling %K Genome, Human %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Glycated Hemoglobin %K Humans %K Multifactorial Inheritance %K Physical Chromosome Mapping %K Quantitative Trait Loci %K Quantitative Trait, Heritable %K White People %X

Glycemic traits are used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health. To date, most genetic studies of glycemic traits have focused on individuals of European ancestry. Here we aggregated genome-wide association studies comprising up to 281,416 individuals without diabetes (30% non-European ancestry) for whom fasting glucose, 2-h glucose after an oral glucose challenge, glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin data were available. Trans-ancestry and single-ancestry meta-analyses identified 242 loci (99 novel; P < 5 × 10), 80% of which had no significant evidence of between-ancestry heterogeneity. Analyses restricted to individuals of European ancestry with equivalent sample size would have led to 24 fewer new loci. Compared with single-ancestry analyses, equivalent-sized trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the number of estimated variants in 99% credible sets by a median of 37.5%. Genomic-feature, gene-expression and gene-set analyses revealed distinct biological signatures for each trait, highlighting different underlying biological pathways. Our results increase our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology by using trans-ancestry studies for improved power and resolution.

%B Nat Genet %V 53 %P 840-860 %8 2021 Jun %G eng %N 6 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34059833?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/s41588-021-00852-9 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Commun %D 2018 %T GWAS and colocalization analyses implicate carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque loci in cardiovascular outcomes. %A Franceschini, Nora %A Giambartolomei, Claudia %A de Vries, Paul S %A Finan, Chris %A Bis, Joshua C %A Huntley, Rachael P %A Lovering, Ruth C %A Tajuddin, Salman M %A Winkler, Thomas W %A Graff, Misa %A Kavousi, Maryam %A Dale, Caroline %A Smith, Albert V %A Hofer, Edith %A van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M %A Nolte, Ilja M %A Lu, Lingyi %A Scholz, Markus %A Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan %A Pitkänen, Niina %A Franzén, Oscar %A Joshi, Peter K %A Noordam, Raymond %A Marioni, Riccardo E %A Hwang, Shih-Jen %A Musani, Solomon K %A Schminke, Ulf %A Palmas, Walter %A Isaacs, Aaron %A Correa, Adolfo %A Zonderman, Alan B %A Hofman, Albert %A Teumer, Alexander %A Cox, Amanda J %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Wong, Andrew %A Smit, Andries J %A Newman, Anne B %A Britton, Annie %A Ruusalepp, Arno %A Sennblad, Bengt %A Hedblad, Bo %A Pasaniuc, Bogdan %A Penninx, Brenda W %A Langefeld, Carl D %A Wassel, Christina L %A Tzourio, Christophe %A Fava, Cristiano %A Baldassarre, Damiano %A O'Leary, Daniel H %A Teupser, Daniel %A Kuh, Diana %A Tremoli, Elena %A Mannarino, Elmo %A Grossi, Enzo %A Eric Boerwinkle %A Schadt, Eric E %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Veglia, Fabrizio %A Rivadeneira, Fernando %A Beutner, Frank %A Chauhan, Ganesh %A Heiss, Gerardo %A Snieder, Harold %A Campbell, Harry %A Völzke, Henry %A Markus, Hugh S %A Deary, Ian J %A Jukema, J Wouter %A de Graaf, Jacqueline %A Price, Jacqueline %A Pott, Janne %A Hopewell, Jemma C %A Liang, Jingjing %A Thiery, Joachim %A Engmann, Jorgen %A Gertow, Karl %A Rice, Kenneth %A Taylor, Kent D %A Dhana, Klodian %A Kiemeney, Lambertus A L M %A Lind, Lars %A Raffield, Laura M %A Launer, Lenore J %A Holdt, Lesca M %A Dörr, Marcus %A Dichgans, Martin %A Traylor, Matthew %A Sitzer, Matthias %A Kumari, Meena %A Kivimaki, Mika %A Nalls, Mike A %A Melander, Olle %A Raitakari, Olli %A Franco, Oscar H %A Rueda-Ochoa, Oscar L %A Roussos, Panos %A Whincup, Peter H %A Amouyel, Philippe %A Giral, Philippe %A Anugu, Pramod %A Wong, Quenna %A Malik, Rainer %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Burkhardt, Ralph %A Hardy, Rebecca %A Schmidt, Reinhold %A de Mutsert, Renée %A Morris, Richard W %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Wannamethee, S Goya %A Hägg, Sara %A Shah, Sonia %A McLachlan, Stela %A Trompet, Stella %A Seshadri, Sudha %A Kurl, Sudhir %A Heckbert, Susan R %A Ring, Susan %A Harris, Tamara B %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Galesloot, Tessel E %A Shah, Tina %A de Faire, Ulf %A Plagnol, Vincent %A Rosamond, Wayne D %A Post, Wendy %A Zhu, Xiaofeng %A Zhang, Xiaoling %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Saba, Yasaman %A Dehghan, Abbas %A Seldenrijk, Adrie %A Morrison, Alanna C %A Hamsten, Anders %A Psaty, Bruce M %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Lawlor, Deborah A %A Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O %A Bowden, Donald W %A Schmidt, Helena %A Wilson, James F %A Wilson, James G %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Wardlaw, Joanna M %A Deanfield, John %A Halcox, Julian %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A Loeffler, Markus %A Evans, Michele K %A Debette, Stephanie %A Humphries, Steve E %A Völker, Uwe %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Hingorani, Aroon D %A Björkegren, Johan L M %A Casas, Juan P %A O'Donnell, Christopher J %K ADAMTS9 Protein %K Amino Acid Oxidoreductases %K Carotid Intima-Media Thickness %K Coronary Disease %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Lod Score %K Plaque, Atherosclerotic %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase %K Quantitative Trait Loci %K Risk Factors %X

Carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaque are measures of subclinical atherosclerosis associated with ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). Here, we undertake meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 71,128 individuals for cIMT, and 48,434 individuals for carotid plaque traits. We identify eight novel susceptibility loci for cIMT, one independent association at the previously-identified PINX1 locus, and one novel locus for carotid plaque. Colocalization analysis with nearby vascular expression quantitative loci (cis-eQTLs) derived from arterial wall and metabolic tissues obtained from patients with CHD identifies candidate genes at two potentially additional loci, ADAMTS9 and LOXL4. LD score regression reveals significant genetic correlations between cIMT and plaque traits, and both cIMT and plaque with CHD, any stroke subtype and ischemic stroke. Our study provides insights into genes and tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms linking atherosclerosis both to its functional genomic origins and its clinical consequences in humans.

%B Nat Commun %V 9 %P 5141 %8 2018 Dec 03 %G eng %N 1 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30510157?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/s41467-018-07340-5 %0 Journal Article %J Diabetes %D 2017 %T An Expanded Genome-Wide Association Study of Type 2 Diabetes in Europeans. %A Scott, Robert A %A Scott, Laura J %A Mägi, Reedik %A Marullo, Letizia %A Gaulton, Kyle J %A Kaakinen, Marika %A Pervjakova, Natalia %A Pers, Tune H %A Johnson, Andrew D %A Eicher, John D %A Jackson, Anne U %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Lee, Yeji %A Ma, Clement %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Qi, Lu %A Van Zuydam, Natalie R %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Chen, Han %A Almgren, Peter %A Voight, Ben F %A Grallert, Harald %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Ried, Janina S %A Rayner, Nigel W %A Robertson, Neil %A Karssen, Lennart C %A van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M %A Willems, Sara M %A Fuchsberger, Christian %A Kwan, Phoenix %A Teslovich, Tanya M %A Chanda, Pritam %A Li, Man %A Lu, Yingchang %A Dina, Christian %A Thuillier, Dorothee %A Yengo, Loic %A Jiang, Longda %A Sparso, Thomas %A Kestler, Hans A %A Chheda, Himanshu %A Eisele, Lewin %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Frånberg, Mattias %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Benediktsson, Rafn %A Hreidarsson, Astradur B %A Kong, Augustine %A Sigurðsson, Gunnar %A Kerrison, Nicola D %A Luan, Jian'an %A Liang, Liming %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Roden, Michael %A Thorand, Barbara %A Esko, Tõnu %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Fox, Caroline %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Rybin, Denis %A Isomaa, Bo %A Lyssenko, Valeriya %A Tuomi, Tiinamaija %A Couper, David J %A Pankow, James S %A Grarup, Niels %A Have, Christian T %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Linneberg, Allan %A Cornelis, Marilyn C %A van Dam, Rob M %A Hunter, David J %A Kraft, Peter %A Sun, Qi %A Edkins, Sarah %A Owen, Katharine R %A Perry, John R B %A Wood, Andrew R %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Tajes-Fernandes, Juan %A Abecasis, Gonçalo R %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Chines, Peter S %A Stringham, Heather M %A Koistinen, Heikki A %A Kinnunen, Leena %A Sennblad, Bengt %A Mühleisen, Thomas W %A Nöthen, Markus M %A Pechlivanis, Sonali %A Baldassarre, Damiano %A Gertow, Karl %A Humphries, Steve E %A Tremoli, Elena %A Klopp, Norman %A Meyer, Julia %A Steinbach, Gerald %A Wennauer, Roman %A Eriksson, Johan G %A Mӓnnistö, Satu %A Peltonen, Leena %A Tikkanen, Emmi %A Charpentier, Guillaume %A Eury, Elodie %A Lobbens, Stéphane %A Gigante, Bruna %A Leander, Karin %A McLeod, Olga %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Gottesman, Omri %A Ruderfer, Douglas %A Blüher, Matthias %A Kovacs, Peter %A Tonjes, Anke %A Maruthur, Nisa M %A Scapoli, Chiara %A Erbel, Raimund %A Jöckel, Karl-Heinz %A Moebus, Susanne %A de Faire, Ulf %A Hamsten, Anders %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Deloukas, Panagiotis %A Donnelly, Peter J %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Pedersen, Nancy L %A Boehm, Bernhard O %A Bergman, Richard N %A Collins, Francis S %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Hansen, Torben %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Barroso, Inês %A Lannfelt, Lars %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Lind, Lars %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Cauchi, Stephane %A Froguel, Philippe %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Balkau, Beverley %A Boeing, Heiner %A Franks, Paul W %A Barricarte Gurrea, Aurelio %A Palli, Domenico %A van der Schouw, Yvonne T %A Altshuler, David %A Groop, Leif C %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Sijbrands, Eric %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Florez, Jose C %A Meigs, James B %A Eric Boerwinkle %A Gieger, Christian %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Metspalu, Andres %A Morris, Andrew D %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Hu, Frank B %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Stefansson, Kari %A Dupuis, Josée %A Morris, Andrew P %A Boehnke, Michael %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Prokopenko, Inga %K Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 %K Gene Expression Regulation %K Genetic Variation %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K White People %X

To characterize type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated variation across the allele frequency spectrum, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data from 26,676 T2D case and 132,532 control subjects of European ancestry after imputation using the 1000 Genomes multiethnic reference panel. Promising association signals were followed up in additional data sets (of 14,545 or 7,397 T2D case and 38,994 or 71,604 control subjects). We identified 13 novel T2D-associated loci ( < 5 × 10), including variants near the , , and genes. Our analysis brought the total number of independent T2D associations to 128 distinct signals at 113 loci. Despite substantially increased sample size and more complete coverage of low-frequency variation, all novel associations were driven by common single nucleotide variants. Credible sets of potentially causal variants were generally larger than those based on imputation with earlier reference panels, consistent with resolution of causal signals to common risk haplotypes. Stratification of T2D-associated loci based on T2D-related quantitative trait associations revealed tissue-specific enrichment of regulatory annotations in pancreatic islet enhancers for loci influencing insulin secretion and in adipocytes, monocytes, and hepatocytes for insulin action-associated loci. These findings highlight the predominant role played by common variants of modest effect and the diversity of biological mechanisms influencing T2D pathophysiology.

%B Diabetes %V 66 %P 2888-2902 %8 2017 Nov %G eng %N 11 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28566273?dopt=Abstract %R 10.2337/db16-1253 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2015 %T Genetic fine mapping and genomic annotation defines causal mechanisms at type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci. %A Gaulton, Kyle J %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Lee, Yeji %A Raimondo, Anne %A Mägi, Reedik %A Reschen, Michael E %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Locke, Adam %A Rayner, N William %A Robertson, Neil %A Scott, Robert A %A Prokopenko, Inga %A Scott, Laura J %A Green, Todd %A Sparso, Thomas %A Thuillier, Dorothee %A Yengo, Loic %A Grallert, Harald %A Wahl, Simone %A Frånberg, Mattias %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Kestler, Hans %A Chheda, Himanshu %A Eisele, Lewin %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Qi, Lu %A Karssen, Lennart C %A van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M %A Willems, Sara M %A Li, Man %A Chen, Han %A Fuchsberger, Christian %A Kwan, Phoenix %A Ma, Clement %A Linderman, Michael %A Lu, Yingchang %A Thomsen, Soren K %A Rundle, Jana K %A Beer, Nicola L %A van de Bunt, Martijn %A Chalisey, Anil %A Kang, Hyun Min %A Voight, Benjamin F %A Abecasis, Gonçalo R %A Almgren, Peter %A Baldassarre, Damiano %A Balkau, Beverley %A Benediktsson, Rafn %A Blüher, Matthias %A Boeing, Heiner %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Burtt, Noël P %A Carey, Jason %A Charpentier, Guillaume %A Chines, Peter S %A Cornelis, Marilyn C %A Couper, David J %A Crenshaw, Andrew T %A van Dam, Rob M %A Doney, Alex S F %A Dorkhan, Mozhgan %A Edkins, Sarah %A Eriksson, Johan G %A Esko, Tõnu %A Eury, Elodie %A Fadista, João %A Flannick, Jason %A Fontanillas, Pierre %A Fox, Caroline %A Franks, Paul W %A Gertow, Karl %A Gieger, Christian %A Gigante, Bruna %A Gottesman, Omri %A Grant, George B %A Grarup, Niels %A Groves, Christopher J %A Hassinen, Maija %A Have, Christian T %A Herder, Christian %A Holmen, Oddgeir L %A Hreidarsson, Astradur B %A Humphries, Steve E %A Hunter, David J %A Jackson, Anne U %A Jonsson, Anna %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Kao, Wen-Hong L %A Kerrison, Nicola D %A Kinnunen, Leena %A Klopp, Norman %A Kong, Augustine %A Kovacs, Peter %A Kraft, Peter %A Kravic, Jasmina %A Langford, Cordelia %A Leander, Karin %A Liang, Liming %A Lichtner, Peter %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Lindholm, Eero %A Linneberg, Allan %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Lobbens, Stéphane %A Luan, Jian'an %A Lyssenko, Valeriya %A Männistö, Satu %A McLeod, Olga %A Meyer, Julia %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Mirza, Ghazala %A Mühleisen, Thomas W %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Navarro, Carmen %A Nöthen, Markus M %A Oskolkov, Nikolay N %A Owen, Katharine R %A Palli, Domenico %A Pechlivanis, Sonali %A Peltonen, Leena %A Perry, John R B %A Platou, Carl G P %A Roden, Michael %A Ruderfer, Douglas %A Rybin, Denis %A van der Schouw, Yvonne T %A Sennblad, Bengt %A Sigurðsson, Gunnar %A Stančáková, Alena %A Steinbach, Gerald %A Storm, Petter %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Stringham, Heather M %A Sun, Qi %A Thorand, Barbara %A Tikkanen, Emmi %A Tonjes, Anke %A Trakalo, Joseph %A Tremoli, Elena %A Tuomi, Tiinamaija %A Wennauer, Roman %A Wiltshire, Steven %A Wood, Andrew R %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Dunham, Ian %A Birney, Ewan %A Pasquali, Lorenzo %A Ferrer, Jorge %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Dupuis, Josée %A Florez, Jose C %A Eric Boerwinkle %A Pankow, James S %A van Duijn, Cornelia %A Sijbrands, Eric %A Meigs, James B %A Hu, Frank B %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Stefansson, Kari %A Lakka, Timo A %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Pedersen, Nancy L %A Lind, Lars %A Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M %A Korpi-Hyövälti, Eeva %A Saaristo, Timo E %A Saltevo, Juha %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Laakso, Markku %A Metspalu, Andres %A Erbel, Raimund %A Jöcke, Karl-Heinz %A Moebus, Susanne %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Boehm, Bernhard O %A Bergman, Richard N %A Collins, Francis S %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Koistinen, Heikki %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Hveem, Kristian %A Njølstad, Inger %A Deloukas, Panagiotis %A Donnelly, Peter J %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A de Faire, Ulf %A Hamsten, Anders %A Illig, Thomas %A Peters, Annette %A Cauchi, Stephane %A Sladek, Rob %A Froguel, Philippe %A Hansen, Torben %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Morris, Andrew D %A Palmer, Collin N A %A Kathiresan, Sekar %A Melander, Olle %A Nilsson, Peter M %A Groop, Leif C %A Barroso, Inês %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A O'Callaghan, Christopher A %A Gloyn, Anna L %A Altshuler, David %A Boehnke, Michael %A Teslovich, Tanya M %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Morris, Andrew P %K Binding Sites %K Case-Control Studies %K Chromatin Immunoprecipitation %K Chromosome Mapping %K Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 %K Gene Expression Regulation %K Genetic Loci %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Genomics %K Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta %K Humans %K Islets of Langerhans %K Liver %K Molecular Sequence Annotation %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Receptor, Melatonin, MT2 %X

We performed fine mapping of 39 established type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci in 27,206 cases and 57,574 controls of European ancestry. We identified 49 distinct association signals at these loci, including five mapping in or near KCNQ1. 'Credible sets' of the variants most likely to drive each distinct signal mapped predominantly to noncoding sequence, implying that association with T2D is mediated through gene regulation. Credible set variants were enriched for overlap with FOXA2 chromatin immunoprecipitation binding sites in human islet and liver cells, including at MTNR1B, where fine mapping implicated rs10830963 as driving T2D association. We confirmed that the T2D risk allele for this SNP increases FOXA2-bound enhancer activity in islet- and liver-derived cells. We observed allele-specific differences in NEUROD1 binding in islet-derived cells, consistent with evidence that the T2D risk allele increases islet MTNR1B expression. Our study demonstrates how integration of genetic and genomic information can define molecular mechanisms through which variants underlying association signals exert their effects on disease.

%B Nat Genet %V 47 %P 1415-25 %8 2015 Dec %G eng %N 12 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26551672?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/ng.3437