%0 Journal Article %J Nat Commun %D 2021 %T Chromosome Xq23 is associated with lower atherogenic lipid concentrations and favorable cardiometabolic indices. %A Natarajan, Pradeep %A Pampana, Akhil %A Graham, Sarah E %A Ruotsalainen, Sanni E %A Perry, James A %A de Vries, Paul S %A Broome, Jai G %A Pirruccello, James P %A Honigberg, Michael C %A Aragam, Krishna %A Wolford, Brooke %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Antonacci-Fulton, Lucinda %A Arden, Moscati %A Aslibekyan, Stella %A Assimes, Themistocles L %A Ballantyne, Christie M %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Bis, Joshua C %A Cade, Brian E %A Do, Ron %A Harshavardhan Doddapaneni %A Emery, Leslie S %A Hung, Yi-Jen %A Irvin, Marguerite R %A Khan, Alyna T %A Lange, Leslie %A Lee, Jiwon %A Lemaitre, Rozenn N %A Martin, Lisa W %A Ginger A Metcalf %A Montasser, May E %A Moon, Jee-Young %A Donna M Muzny %A O'Connell, Jeffrey R %A Palmer, Nicholette D %A Peralta, Juan M %A Peyser, Patricia A %A Stilp, Adrienne M %A Tsai, Michael %A Wang, Fei Fei %A Weeks, Daniel E %A Yanek, Lisa R %A Wilson, James G %A Abecasis, Goncalo %A Arnett, Donna K %A Becker, Lewis C %A Blangero, John %A Eric Boerwinkle %A Bowden, Donald W %A Chang, Yi-Cheng %A Chen, Yii-Der I %A Choi, Won Jung %A Correa, Adolfo %A Curran, Joanne E %A Daly, Mark J %A Dutcher, Susan K %A Ellinor, Patrick T %A Fornage, Myriam %A Freedman, Barry I %A Gabriel, Stacey %A Germer, Soren %A Richard A Gibbs %A He, Jiang %A Hveem, Kristian %A Jarvik, Gail P %A Kaplan, Robert C %A Kardia, Sharon L R %A Kenny, Eimear %A Kim, Ryan W %A Kooperberg, Charles %A Laurie, Cathy C %A Lee, Seonwook %A Lloyd-Jones, Don M %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Lubitz, Steven A %A Mathias, Rasika A %A Martinez, Karine A Viaud %A McGarvey, Stephen T %A Mitchell, Braxton D %A Nickerson, Deborah A %A North, Kari E %A Palotie, Aarno %A Park, Cheol Joo %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Rao, D C %A Redline, Susan %A Reiner, Alexander P %A Seo, Daekwan %A Seo, Jeong-Sun %A Smith, Albert V %A Tracy, Russell P %A Vasan, Ramachandran S %A Kathiresan, Sekar %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Morrison, Alanna C %A Rich, Stephen S %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Willer, Cristen %A Peloso, Gina M %K Cardiometabolic Risk Factors %K Chromosomes, Human, X %K Eye Proteins %K Female %K Gene Expression Regulation %K Genetic Association Studies %K Genetic Loci %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genotype %K Humans %K Lipids %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Nerve Tissue Proteins %K Phenomics %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Subcutaneous Tissue %K Whole Genome Sequencing %X

Autosomal genetic analyses of blood lipids have yielded key insights for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, X chromosome genetic variation is understudied for blood lipids in large sample sizes. We now analyze genetic and blood lipid data in a high-coverage whole X chromosome sequencing study of 65,322 multi-ancestry participants and perform replication among 456,893 European participants. Common alleles on chromosome Xq23 are strongly associated with reduced total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (min P = 8.5 × 10), with similar effects for males and females. Chromosome Xq23 lipid-lowering alleles are associated with reduced odds for CHD among 42,545 cases and 591,247 controls (P = 1.7 × 10), and reduced odds for diabetes mellitus type 2 among 54,095 cases and 573,885 controls (P = 1.4 × 10). Although we observe an association with increased BMI, waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI is reduced, bioimpedance analyses indicate increased gluteofemoral fat, and abdominal MRI analyses indicate reduced visceral adiposity. Co-localization analyses strongly correlate increased CHRDL1 gene expression, particularly in adipose tissue, with reduced concentrations of blood lipids.

%B Nat Commun %V 12 %P 2182 %8 2021 Apr 12 %G eng %N 1 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33846329?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/s41467-021-22339-1 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2018 %T Genetic analysis of over 1 million people identifies 535 new loci associated with blood pressure traits. %A Evangelou, Evangelos %A Warren, Helen R %A Mosen-Ansorena, David %A Mifsud, Borbala %A Pazoki, Raha %A Gao, He %A Ntritsos, Georgios %A Dimou, Niki %A Cabrera, Claudia P %A Karaman, Ibrahim %A Ng, Fu Liang %A Evangelou, Marina %A Witkowska, Katarzyna %A Tzanis, Evan %A Hellwege, Jacklyn N %A Giri, Ayush %A Velez Edwards, Digna R %A Sun, Yan V %A Cho, Kelly %A Gaziano, J Michael %A Wilson, Peter W F %A Tsao, Philip S %A Kovesdy, Csaba P %A Esko, Tõnu %A Mägi, Reedik %A Milani, Lili %A Almgren, Peter %A Boutin, Thibaud %A Debette, Stephanie %A Ding, Jun %A Giulianini, Franco %A Holliday, Elizabeth G %A Jackson, Anne U %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Lin, Wei-Yu %A Luan, Jian'an %A Mangino, Massimo %A Oldmeadow, Christopher %A Prins, Bram Peter %A Qian, Yong %A Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan %A Shah, Nabi %A Surendran, Praveen %A Thériault, Sébastien %A Verweij, Niek %A Willems, Sara M %A Zhao, Jing-Hua %A Amouyel, Philippe %A Connell, John %A de Mutsert, Renée %A Doney, Alex S F %A Farrall, Martin %A Menni, Cristina %A Morris, Andrew D %A Noordam, Raymond %A Paré, Guillaume %A Poulter, Neil R %A Shields, Denis C %A Stanton, Alice %A Thom, Simon %A Abecasis, Goncalo %A Amin, Najaf %A Arking, Dan E %A Ayers, Kristin L %A Barbieri, Caterina M %A Batini, Chiara %A Bis, Joshua C %A Blake, Tineka %A Bochud, Murielle %A Boehnke, Michael %A Eric Boerwinkle %A Boomsma, Dorret I %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Braund, Peter S %A Brumat, Marco %A Campbell, Archie %A Campbell, Harry %A Chakravarti, Aravinda %A Chambers, John C %A Chauhan, Ganesh %A Ciullo, Marina %A Cocca, Massimiliano %A Collins, Francis %A Cordell, Heather J %A Davies, Gail %A de Borst, Martin H %A de Geus, Eco J %A Deary, Ian J %A Deelen, Joris %A Del Greco M, Fabiola %A Demirkale, Cumhur Yusuf %A Dörr, Marcus %A Ehret, Georg B %A Elosua, Roberto %A Enroth, Stefan %A Erzurumluoglu, A Mesut %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Frånberg, Mattias %A Franco, Oscar H %A Gandin, Ilaria %A Gasparini, Paolo %A Giedraitis, Vilmantas %A Gieger, Christian %A Girotto, Giorgia %A Goel, Anuj %A Gow, Alan J %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Gyllensten, Ulf %A Hamsten, Anders %A Harris, Tamara B %A Harris, Sarah E %A Hartman, Catharina A %A Havulinna, Aki S %A Hicks, Andrew A %A Hofer, Edith %A Hofman, Albert %A Hottenga, Jouke-Jan %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A Hwang, Shih-Jen %A Ingelsson, Erik %A James, Alan %A Jansen, Rick %A Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Joehanes, Roby %A Johansson, Åsa %A Johnson, Andrew D %A Joshi, Peter K %A Jousilahti, Pekka %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Jula, Antti %A Kähönen, Mika %A Kathiresan, Sekar %A Keavney, Bernard D %A Khaw, Kay-Tee %A Knekt, Paul %A Knight, Joanne %A Kolcic, Ivana %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Koskinen, Seppo %A Kristiansson, Kati %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Laan, Maris %A Larson, Marty %A Launer, Lenore J %A Lehne, Benjamin %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Liewald, David C M %A Lin, Li %A Lind, Lars %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Liu, Yongmei %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Lopez, Lorna M %A Lu, Yingchang %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Mamasoula, Chrysovalanto %A Marrugat, Jaume %A Marten, Jonathan %A Milaneschi, Yuri %A Morgan, Anna %A Morris, Andrew P %A Morrison, Alanna C %A Munson, Peter J %A Nalls, Mike A %A Nandakumar, Priyanka %A Nelson, Christopher P %A Niiranen, Teemu %A Nolte, Ilja M %A Nutile, Teresa %A Oldehinkel, Albertine J %A Oostra, Ben A %A O'Reilly, Paul F %A Org, Elin %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Palmas, Walter %A Palotie, Aarno %A Pattie, Alison %A Penninx, Brenda W J H %A Perola, Markus %A Peters, Annette %A Polasek, Ozren %A Pramstaller, Peter P %A Nguyen, Quang Tri %A Raitakari, Olli T %A Ren, Meixia %A Rettig, Rainer %A Rice, Kenneth %A Ridker, Paul M %A Ried, Janina S %A Riese, Harriëtte %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Robino, Antonietta %A Rose, Lynda M %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Rudan, Igor %A Ruggiero, Daniela %A Saba, Yasaman %A Sala, Cinzia F %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Samani, Nilesh J %A Sarin, Antti-Pekka %A Schmidt, Reinhold %A Schmidt, Helena %A Shrine, Nick %A Siscovick, David %A Smith, Albert V %A Snieder, Harold %A Sõber, Siim %A Sorice, Rossella %A Starr, John M %A Stott, David J %A Strachan, David P %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Sundström, Johan %A Swertz, Morris A %A Taylor, Kent D %A Teumer, Alexander %A Tobin, Martin D %A Tomaszewski, Maciej %A Toniolo, Daniela %A Traglia, Michela %A Trompet, Stella %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Tzourio, Christophe %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Vaez, Ahmad %A van der Most, Peter J %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Vergnaud, Anne-Claire %A Verwoert, Germaine C %A Vitart, Veronique %A Völker, Uwe %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Vuckovic, Dragana %A Watkins, Hugh %A Wild, Sarah H %A Willemsen, Gonneke %A Wilson, James F %A Wright, Alan F %A Yao, Jie %A Zemunik, Tatijana %A Zhang, Weihua %A Attia, John R %A Butterworth, Adam S %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Conen, David %A Cucca, Francesco %A Danesh, John %A Hayward, Caroline %A Howson, Joanna M M %A Laakso, Markku %A Lakatta, Edward G %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Melander, Olle %A Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Risch, Lorenz %A Scott, Robert A %A Scott, Rodney J %A Sever, Peter %A Spector, Tim D %A van der Harst, Pim %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Levy, Daniel %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Newton-Cheh, Christopher %A Brown, Morris J %A Metspalu, Andres %A Hung, Adriana M %A O'Donnell, Christopher J %A Edwards, Todd L %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Tzoulaki, Ioanna %A Barnes, Michael R %A Wain, Louise V %A Elliott, Paul %A Caulfield, Mark J %K Adult %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Blood Pressure %K Cardiovascular Diseases %K Cells, Cultured %K Female %K Genetic Loci %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genetic Testing %K Genetics, Population %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells %K Humans %K Hypertension %K Life Style %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Quantitative Trait Loci %K Risk Factors %X

High blood pressure is a highly heritable and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We report the largest genetic association study of blood pressure traits (systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure) to date in over 1 million people of European ancestry. We identify 535 novel blood pressure loci that not only offer new biological insights into blood pressure regulation but also highlight shared genetic architecture between blood pressure and lifestyle exposures. Our findings identify new biological pathways for blood pressure regulation with potential for improved cardiovascular disease prevention in the future.

%B Nat Genet %V 50 %P 1412-1425 %8 2018 Oct %G eng %N 10 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30224653?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/s41588-018-0205-x %0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2018 %T Publisher Correction: Genetic analysis of over 1 million people identifies 535 new loci associated with blood pressure traits. %A Evangelou, Evangelos %A Warren, Helen R %A Mosen-Ansorena, David %A Mifsud, Borbala %A Pazoki, Raha %A Gao, He %A Ntritsos, Georgios %A Dimou, Niki %A Cabrera, Claudia P %A Karaman, Ibrahim %A Ng, Fu Liang %A Evangelou, Marina %A Witkowska, Katarzyna %A Tzanis, Evan %A Hellwege, Jacklyn N %A Giri, Ayush %A Velez Edwards, Digna R %A Sun, Yan V %A Cho, Kelly %A Gaziano, J Michael %A Wilson, Peter W F %A Tsao, Philip S %A Kovesdy, Csaba P %A Esko, Tõnu %A Mägi, Reedik %A Milani, Lili %A Almgren, Peter %A Boutin, Thibaud %A Debette, Stephanie %A Ding, Jun %A Giulianini, Franco %A Holliday, Elizabeth G %A Jackson, Anne U %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Lin, Wei-Yu %A Luan, Jian'an %A Mangino, Massimo %A Oldmeadow, Christopher %A Prins, Bram Peter %A Qian, Yong %A Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan %A Shah, Nabi %A Surendran, Praveen %A Thériault, Sébastien %A Verweij, Niek %A Willems, Sara M %A Zhao, Jing-Hua %A Amouyel, Philippe %A Connell, John %A de Mutsert, Renée %A Doney, Alex S F %A Farrall, Martin %A Menni, Cristina %A Morris, Andrew D %A Noordam, Raymond %A Paré, Guillaume %A Poulter, Neil R %A Shields, Denis C %A Stanton, Alice %A Thom, Simon %A Abecasis, Goncalo %A Amin, Najaf %A Arking, Dan E %A Ayers, Kristin L %A Barbieri, Caterina M %A Batini, Chiara %A Bis, Joshua C %A Blake, Tineka %A Bochud, Murielle %A Boehnke, Michael %A Eric Boerwinkle %A Boomsma, Dorret I %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Braund, Peter S %A Brumat, Marco %A Campbell, Archie %A Campbell, Harry %A Chakravarti, Aravinda %A Chambers, John C %A Chauhan, Ganesh %A Ciullo, Marina %A Cocca, Massimiliano %A Collins, Francis %A Cordell, Heather J %A Davies, Gail %A de Borst, Martin H %A de Geus, Eco J %A Deary, Ian J %A Deelen, Joris %A Del Greco M, Fabiola %A Demirkale, Cumhur Yusuf %A Dörr, Marcus %A Ehret, Georg B %A Elosua, Roberto %A Enroth, Stefan %A Erzurumluoglu, A Mesut %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Frånberg, Mattias %A Franco, Oscar H %A Gandin, Ilaria %A Gasparini, Paolo %A Giedraitis, Vilmantas %A Gieger, Christian %A Girotto, Giorgia %A Goel, Anuj %A Gow, Alan J %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Gyllensten, Ulf %A Hamsten, Anders %A Harris, Tamara B %A Harris, Sarah E %A Hartman, Catharina A %A Havulinna, Aki S %A Hicks, Andrew A %A Hofer, Edith %A Hofman, Albert %A Hottenga, Jouke-Jan %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A Hwang, Shih-Jen %A Ingelsson, Erik %A James, Alan %A Jansen, Rick %A Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Joehanes, Roby %A Johansson, Åsa %A Johnson, Andrew D %A Joshi, Peter K %A Jousilahti, Pekka %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Jula, Antti %A Kähönen, Mika %A Kathiresan, Sekar %A Keavney, Bernard D %A Khaw, Kay-Tee %A Knekt, Paul %A Knight, Joanne %A Kolcic, Ivana %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Koskinen, Seppo %A Kristiansson, Kati %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Laan, Maris %A Larson, Marty %A Launer, Lenore J %A Lehne, Benjamin %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Liewald, David C M %A Lin, Li %A Lind, Lars %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Liu, Yongmei %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Lopez, Lorna M %A Lu, Yingchang %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Mamasoula, Chrysovalanto %A Marrugat, Jaume %A Marten, Jonathan %A Milaneschi, Yuri %A Morgan, Anna %A Morris, Andrew P %A Morrison, Alanna C %A Munson, Peter J %A Nalls, Mike A %A Nandakumar, Priyanka %A Nelson, Christopher P %A Niiranen, Teemu %A Nolte, Ilja M %A Nutile, Teresa %A Oldehinkel, Albertine J %A Oostra, Ben A %A O'Reilly, Paul F %A Org, Elin %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Palmas, Walter %A Palotie, Aarno %A Pattie, Alison %A Penninx, Brenda W J H %A Perola, Markus %A Peters, Annette %A Polasek, Ozren %A Pramstaller, Peter P %A Nguyen, Quang Tri %A Raitakari, Olli T %A Ren, Meixia %A Rettig, Rainer %A Rice, Kenneth %A Ridker, Paul M %A Ried, Janina S %A Riese, Harriëtte %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Robino, Antonietta %A Rose, Lynda M %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Rudan, Igor %A Ruggiero, Daniela %A Saba, Yasaman %A Sala, Cinzia F %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Samani, Nilesh J %A Sarin, Antti-Pekka %A Schmidt, Reinhold %A Schmidt, Helena %A Shrine, Nick %A Siscovick, David %A Smith, Albert V %A Snieder, Harold %A Sõber, Siim %A Sorice, Rossella %A Starr, John M %A Stott, David J %A Strachan, David P %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Sundström, Johan %A Swertz, Morris A %A Taylor, Kent D %A Teumer, Alexander %A Tobin, Martin D %A Tomaszewski, Maciej %A Toniolo, Daniela %A Traglia, Michela %A Trompet, Stella %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Tzourio, Christophe %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Vaez, Ahmad %A van der Most, Peter J %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Vergnaud, Anne-Claire %A Verwoert, Germaine C %A Vitart, Veronique %A Völker, Uwe %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Vuckovic, Dragana %A Watkins, Hugh %A Wild, Sarah H %A Willemsen, Gonneke %A Wilson, James F %A Wright, Alan F %A Yao, Jie %A Zemunik, Tatijana %A Zhang, Weihua %A Attia, John R %A Butterworth, Adam S %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Conen, David %A Cucca, Francesco %A Danesh, John %A Hayward, Caroline %A Howson, Joanna M M %A Laakso, Markku %A Lakatta, Edward G %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Melander, Olle %A Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Risch, Lorenz %A Scott, Robert A %A Scott, Rodney J %A Sever, Peter %A Spector, Tim D %A van der Harst, Pim %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Levy, Daniel %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Newton-Cheh, Christopher %A Brown, Morris J %A Metspalu, Andres %A Hung, Adriana M %A O'Donnell, Christopher J %A Edwards, Todd L %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Tzoulaki, Ioanna %A Barnes, Michael R %A Wain, Louise V %A Elliott, Paul %A Caulfield, Mark J %X

In the version of this article originally published, the name of author Martin H. de Borst was coded incorrectly in the XML. The error has now been corrected in the HTML version of the paper.

%B Nat Genet %V 50 %P 1755 %8 2018 Dec %G eng %N 12 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429575?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/s41588-018-0297-3 %0 Journal Article %J Diabetes %D 2017 %T An Expanded Genome-Wide Association Study of Type 2 Diabetes in Europeans. %A Scott, Robert A %A Scott, Laura J %A Mägi, Reedik %A Marullo, Letizia %A Gaulton, Kyle J %A Kaakinen, Marika %A Pervjakova, Natalia %A Pers, Tune H %A Johnson, Andrew D %A Eicher, John D %A Jackson, Anne U %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Lee, Yeji %A Ma, Clement %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Qi, Lu %A Van Zuydam, Natalie R %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Chen, Han %A Almgren, Peter %A Voight, Ben F %A Grallert, Harald %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Ried, Janina S %A Rayner, Nigel W %A Robertson, Neil %A Karssen, Lennart C %A van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M %A Willems, Sara M %A Fuchsberger, Christian %A Kwan, Phoenix %A Teslovich, Tanya M %A Chanda, Pritam %A Li, Man %A Lu, Yingchang %A Dina, Christian %A Thuillier, Dorothee %A Yengo, Loic %A Jiang, Longda %A Sparso, Thomas %A Kestler, Hans A %A Chheda, Himanshu %A Eisele, Lewin %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Frånberg, Mattias %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Benediktsson, Rafn %A Hreidarsson, Astradur B %A Kong, Augustine %A Sigurðsson, Gunnar %A Kerrison, Nicola D %A Luan, Jian'an %A Liang, Liming %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Roden, Michael %A Thorand, Barbara %A Esko, Tõnu %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Fox, Caroline %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Rybin, Denis %A Isomaa, Bo %A Lyssenko, Valeriya %A Tuomi, Tiinamaija %A Couper, David J %A Pankow, James S %A Grarup, Niels %A Have, Christian T %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Linneberg, Allan %A Cornelis, Marilyn C %A van Dam, Rob M %A Hunter, David J %A Kraft, Peter %A Sun, Qi %A Edkins, Sarah %A Owen, Katharine R %A Perry, John R B %A Wood, Andrew R %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Tajes-Fernandes, Juan %A Abecasis, Gonçalo R %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Chines, Peter S %A Stringham, Heather M %A Koistinen, Heikki A %A Kinnunen, Leena %A Sennblad, Bengt %A Mühleisen, Thomas W %A Nöthen, Markus M %A Pechlivanis, Sonali %A Baldassarre, Damiano %A Gertow, Karl %A Humphries, Steve E %A Tremoli, Elena %A Klopp, Norman %A Meyer, Julia %A Steinbach, Gerald %A Wennauer, Roman %A Eriksson, Johan G %A Mӓnnistö, Satu %A Peltonen, Leena %A Tikkanen, Emmi %A Charpentier, Guillaume %A Eury, Elodie %A Lobbens, Stéphane %A Gigante, Bruna %A Leander, Karin %A McLeod, Olga %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Gottesman, Omri %A Ruderfer, Douglas %A Blüher, Matthias %A Kovacs, Peter %A Tonjes, Anke %A Maruthur, Nisa M %A Scapoli, Chiara %A Erbel, Raimund %A Jöckel, Karl-Heinz %A Moebus, Susanne %A de Faire, Ulf %A Hamsten, Anders %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Deloukas, Panagiotis %A Donnelly, Peter J %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Pedersen, Nancy L %A Boehm, Bernhard O %A Bergman, Richard N %A Collins, Francis S %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Hansen, Torben %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Barroso, Inês %A Lannfelt, Lars %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Lind, Lars %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Cauchi, Stephane %A Froguel, Philippe %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Balkau, Beverley %A Boeing, Heiner %A Franks, Paul W %A Barricarte Gurrea, Aurelio %A Palli, Domenico %A van der Schouw, Yvonne T %A Altshuler, David %A Groop, Leif C %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Sijbrands, Eric %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Florez, Jose C %A Meigs, James B %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Gieger, Christian %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Metspalu, Andres %A Morris, Andrew D %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Hu, Frank B %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Stefansson, Kari %A Dupuis, Josée %A Morris, Andrew P %A Boehnke, Michael %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Prokopenko, Inga %K Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 %K Gene Expression Regulation %K Genetic Variation %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K White People %X

To characterize type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated variation across the allele frequency spectrum, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data from 26,676 T2D case and 132,532 control subjects of European ancestry after imputation using the 1000 Genomes multiethnic reference panel. Promising association signals were followed up in additional data sets (of 14,545 or 7,397 T2D case and 38,994 or 71,604 control subjects). We identified 13 novel T2D-associated loci ( < 5 × 10), including variants near the , , and genes. Our analysis brought the total number of independent T2D associations to 128 distinct signals at 113 loci. Despite substantially increased sample size and more complete coverage of low-frequency variation, all novel associations were driven by common single nucleotide variants. Credible sets of potentially causal variants were generally larger than those based on imputation with earlier reference panels, consistent with resolution of causal signals to common risk haplotypes. Stratification of T2D-associated loci based on T2D-related quantitative trait associations revealed tissue-specific enrichment of regulatory annotations in pancreatic islet enhancers for loci influencing insulin secretion and in adipocytes, monocytes, and hepatocytes for insulin action-associated loci. These findings highlight the predominant role played by common variants of modest effect and the diversity of biological mechanisms influencing T2D pathophysiology.

%B Diabetes %V 66 %P 2888-2902 %8 2017 Nov %G eng %N 11 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28566273?dopt=Abstract %R 10.2337/db16-1253 %0 Journal Article %J J Med Genet %D 2016 %T Meta-analysis of 49 549 individuals imputed with the 1000 Genomes Project reveals an exonic damaging variant in ANGPTL4 determining fasting TG levels. %A van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M %A Sabo, Aniko %A Bis, Joshua C %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A Manichaikul, Ani %A Smith, Albert V %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Demissie, Serkalem %A Joshi, Peter K %A Duan, Qing %A Marten, Jonathan %A van Klinken, Jan B %A Surakka, Ida %A Nolte, Ilja M %A Zhang, Weihua %A Mbarek, Hamdi %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Trompet, Stella %A Verweij, Niek %A Evangelou, Evangelos %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A Tayo, Bamidele O %A Deelen, Joris %A van der Most, Peter J %A van der Laan, Sander W %A Arking, Dan E %A Morrison, Alanna %A Dehghan, Abbas %A Franco, Oscar H %A Hofman, Albert %A Rivadeneira, Fernando %A Sijbrands, Eric J %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Mychaleckyj, Josyf C %A Campbell, Archie %A Hocking, Lynne J %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Rice, Kenneth M %A White, Charles C %A Harris, Tamara %A Isaacs, Aaron %A Campbell, Harry %A Lange, Leslie A %A Rudan, Igor %A Kolcic, Ivana %A Navarro, Pau %A Zemunik, Tatijana %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Kooner, Angad S %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Lehne, Benjamin %A Scott, William R %A Tan, Sian-Tsung %A de Geus, Eco J %A Milaneschi, Yuri %A Penninx, Brenda W J H %A Willemsen, Gonneke %A de Mutsert, Renée %A Ford, Ian %A Gansevoort, Ron T %A Segura-Lepe, Marcelo P %A Raitakari, Olli T %A Viikari, Jorma S %A Nikus, Kjell %A Forrester, Terrence %A McKenzie, Colin A %A de Craen, Anton J M %A de Ruijter, Hester M %A Pasterkamp, Gerard %A Snieder, Harold %A Oldehinkel, Albertine J %A Slagboom, P Eline %A Cooper, Richard S %A Kähönen, Mika %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Elliott, Paul %A van der Harst, Pim %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O %A Boomsma, Dorret I %A Chambers, John C %A Swertz, Morris %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Willems van Dijk, Ko %A Vitart, Veronique %A Polasek, Ozren %A Hayward, Caroline %A Wilson, James G %A Wilson, James F %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Rich, Stephen S %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %K Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 %K Angiopoietins %K Exons %K Fasting %K Female %K Genome, Human %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Genotype %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %X

BACKGROUND: So far, more than 170 loci have been associated with circulating lipid levels through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). These associations are largely driven by common variants, their function is often not known, and many are likely to be markers for the causal variants. In this study we aimed to identify more new rare and low-frequency functional variants associated with circulating lipid levels.

METHODS: We used the 1000 Genomes Project as a reference panel for the imputations of GWAS data from ∼60 000 individuals in the discovery stage and ∼90 000 samples in the replication stage.

RESULTS: Our study resulted in the identification of five new associations with circulating lipid levels at four loci. All four loci are within genes that can be linked biologically to lipid metabolism. One of the variants, rs116843064, is a damaging missense variant within the ANGPTL4 gene.

CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates that GWAS with high-scale imputation may still help us unravel the biological mechanism behind circulating lipid levels.

%B J Med Genet %V 53 %P 441-9 %8 2016 Jul %G eng %N 7 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27036123?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103439 %0 Journal Article %J PLoS Genet %D 2016 %T Rare Functional Variant in TM2D3 is Associated with Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. %A Jakobsdottir, Johanna %A van der Lee, Sven J %A Bis, Joshua C %A Chouraki, Vincent %A Li-Kroeger, David %A Yamamoto, Shinya %A Grove, Megan L %A Naj, Adam %A Vronskaya, Maria %A Salazar, Jose L %A DeStefano, Anita L %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Smith, Albert V %A Amin, Najaf %A Sims, Rebecca %A Ibrahim-Verbaas, Carla A %A Choi, Seung-Hoan %A Satizabal, Claudia L %A Lopez, Oscar L %A Beiser, Alexa %A Ikram, M Arfan %A Garcia, Melissa E %A Hayward, Caroline %A Varga, Tibor V %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Franks, Paul W %A Hallmans, Goran %A Rolandsson, Olov %A Jansson, Jan-Håkon %A Porteous, David J %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Eiriksdottir, Gudny %A Rice, Kenneth M %A Bellen, Hugo J %A Levy, Daniel %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Emilsson, Valur %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Aspelund, Thor %A O'Donnell, Christopher J %A Fitzpatrick, Annette L %A Launer, Lenore J %A Hofman, Albert %A Wang, Li-San %A Williams, Julie %A Schellenberg, Gerard D %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Seshadri, Sudha %A Shulman, Joshua M %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %K Age of Onset %K Aged %K Alleles %K Alzheimer Disease %K Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor %K Animals %K Apolipoproteins E %K Drosophila melanogaster %K Drosophila Proteins %K Exome %K Female %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Genomics %K Humans %K Iceland %K Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins %K Male %K Membrane Proteins %K Mutation %K Phenotype %K Receptors, Notch %K Tropomyosin %K White People %X

We performed an exome-wide association analysis in 1393 late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) cases and 8141 controls from the CHARGE consortium. We found that a rare variant (P155L) in TM2D3 was enriched in Icelanders (~0.5% versus <0.05% in other European populations). In 433 LOAD cases and 3903 controls from the Icelandic AGES sub-study, P155L was associated with increased risk and earlier onset of LOAD [odds ratio (95% CI) = 7.5 (3.5-15.9), p = 6.6x10-9]. Mutation in the Drosophila TM2D3 homolog, almondex, causes a phenotype similar to loss of Notch/Presenilin signaling. Human TM2D3 is capable of rescuing these phenotypes, but this activity is abolished by P155L, establishing it as a functionally damaging allele. Our results establish a rare TM2D3 variant in association with LOAD susceptibility, and together with prior work suggests possible links to the β-amyloid cascade.

%B PLoS Genet %V 12 %P e1006327 %8 2016 Oct %G eng %N 10 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27764101?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006327 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2015 %T A comprehensive 1,000 Genomes-based genome-wide association meta-analysis of coronary artery disease. %A Nikpay, Majid %A Goel, Anuj %A Won, Hong-Hee %A Hall, Leanne M %A Willenborg, Christina %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Saleheen, Danish %A Kyriakou, Theodosios %A Nelson, Christopher P %A Hopewell, Jemma C %A Webb, Thomas R %A Zeng, Lingyao %A Dehghan, Abbas %A Alver, Maris %A Armasu, Sebastian M %A Auro, Kirsi %A Bjonnes, Andrew %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Chen, Shufeng %A Ford, Ian %A Franceschini, Nora %A Gieger, Christian %A Grace, Christopher %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Huang, Jie %A Hwang, Shih-Jen %A Kim, Yun Kyoung %A Kleber, Marcus E %A Lau, King Wai %A Lu, Xiangfeng %A Lu, Yingchang %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Morrison, Alanna C %A Pervjakova, Natalia %A Qu, Liming %A Rose, Lynda M %A Salfati, Elias %A Saxena, Richa %A Scholz, Markus %A Smith, Albert V %A Tikkanen, Emmi %A Uitterlinden, Andre %A Yang, Xueli %A Zhang, Weihua %A Zhao, Wei %A de Andrade, Mariza %A de Vries, Paul S %A Van Zuydam, Natalie R %A Anand, Sonia S %A Bertram, Lars %A Beutner, Frank %A Dedoussis, George %A Frossard, Philippe %A Gauguier, Dominique %A Goodall, Alison H %A Gottesman, Omri %A Haber, Marc %A Han, Bok-Ghee %A Huang, Jianfeng %A Jalilzadeh, Shapour %A Kessler, Thorsten %A König, Inke R %A Lannfelt, Lars %A Lieb, Wolfgang %A Lind, Lars %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Lokki, Marja-Liisa %A Magnusson, Patrik K %A Mallick, Nadeem H %A Mehra, Narinder %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Memon, Fazal-Ur-Rehman %A Morris, Andrew P %A Nieminen, Markku S %A Pedersen, Nancy L %A Peters, Annette %A Rallidis, Loukianos S %A Rasheed, Asif %A Samuel, Maria %A Shah, Svati H %A Sinisalo, Juha %A Stirrups, Kathleen E %A Trompet, Stella %A Wang, Laiyuan %A Zaman, Khan S %A Ardissino, Diego %A Eric Boerwinkle %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Buring, Julie E %A Chambers, John C %A Collins, Rory %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Danesh, John %A Demuth, Ilja %A Elosua, Roberto %A Epstein, Stephen E %A Esko, Tõnu %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Franco, Oscar H %A Franzosi, Maria Grazia %A Granger, Christopher B %A Gu, Dongfeng %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Hall, Alistair S %A Hamsten, Anders %A Harris, Tamara B %A Hazen, Stanley L %A Hengstenberg, Christian %A Hofman, Albert %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Iribarren, Carlos %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Karhunen, Pekka J %A Kim, Bong-Jo %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Kullo, Iftikhar J %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Melander, Olle %A Metspalu, Andres %A Marz, Winfried %A Palmer, Colin N %A Perola, Markus %A Quertermous, Thomas %A Rader, Daniel J %A Ridker, Paul M %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Roberts, Robert %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Sanghera, Dharambir K %A Schwartz, Stephen M %A Seedorf, Udo %A Stewart, Alexandre F %A Stott, David J %A Thiery, Joachim %A Zalloua, Pierre A %A O'Donnell, Christopher J %A Reilly, Muredach P %A Assimes, Themistocles L %A Thompson, John R %A Erdmann, Jeanette %A Clarke, Robert %A Watkins, Hugh %A Kathiresan, Sekar %A McPherson, Ruth %A Deloukas, Panos %A Schunkert, Heribert %A Samani, Nilesh J %A Farrall, Martin %K Coronary Artery Disease %K Genome, Human %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Phenotype %X

Existing knowledge of genetic variants affecting risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) is largely based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis of common SNPs. Leveraging phased haplotypes from the 1000 Genomes Project, we report a GWAS meta-analysis of ∼185,000 CAD cases and controls, interrogating 6.7 million common (minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.05) and 2.7 million low-frequency (0.005 < MAF < 0.05) variants. In addition to confirming most known CAD-associated loci, we identified ten new loci (eight additive and two recessive) that contain candidate causal genes newly implicating biological processes in vessel walls. We observed intralocus allelic heterogeneity but little evidence of low-frequency variants with larger effects and no evidence of synthetic association. Our analysis provides a comprehensive survey of the fine genetic architecture of CAD, showing that genetic susceptibility to this common disease is largely determined by common SNPs of small effect size.

%B Nat Genet %V 47 %P 1121-1130 %8 2015 Oct %G eng %N 10 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26343387?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/ng.3396 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2015 %T Genetic fine mapping and genomic annotation defines causal mechanisms at type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci. %A Gaulton, Kyle J %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Lee, Yeji %A Raimondo, Anne %A Mägi, Reedik %A Reschen, Michael E %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Locke, Adam %A Rayner, N William %A Robertson, Neil %A Scott, Robert A %A Prokopenko, Inga %A Scott, Laura J %A Green, Todd %A Sparso, Thomas %A Thuillier, Dorothee %A Yengo, Loic %A Grallert, Harald %A Wahl, Simone %A Frånberg, Mattias %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Kestler, Hans %A Chheda, Himanshu %A Eisele, Lewin %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Qi, Lu %A Karssen, Lennart C %A van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M %A Willems, Sara M %A Li, Man %A Chen, Han %A Fuchsberger, Christian %A Kwan, Phoenix %A Ma, Clement %A Linderman, Michael %A Lu, Yingchang %A Thomsen, Soren K %A Rundle, Jana K %A Beer, Nicola L %A van de Bunt, Martijn %A Chalisey, Anil %A Kang, Hyun Min %A Voight, Benjamin F %A Abecasis, Gonçalo R %A Almgren, Peter %A Baldassarre, Damiano %A Balkau, Beverley %A Benediktsson, Rafn %A Blüher, Matthias %A Boeing, Heiner %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Burtt, Noël P %A Carey, Jason %A Charpentier, Guillaume %A Chines, Peter S %A Cornelis, Marilyn C %A Couper, David J %A Crenshaw, Andrew T %A van Dam, Rob M %A Doney, Alex S F %A Dorkhan, Mozhgan %A Edkins, Sarah %A Eriksson, Johan G %A Esko, Tõnu %A Eury, Elodie %A Fadista, João %A Flannick, Jason %A Fontanillas, Pierre %A Fox, Caroline %A Franks, Paul W %A Gertow, Karl %A Gieger, Christian %A Gigante, Bruna %A Gottesman, Omri %A Grant, George B %A Grarup, Niels %A Groves, Christopher J %A Hassinen, Maija %A Have, Christian T %A Herder, Christian %A Holmen, Oddgeir L %A Hreidarsson, Astradur B %A Humphries, Steve E %A Hunter, David J %A Jackson, Anne U %A Jonsson, Anna %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Kao, Wen-Hong L %A Kerrison, Nicola D %A Kinnunen, Leena %A Klopp, Norman %A Kong, Augustine %A Kovacs, Peter %A Kraft, Peter %A Kravic, Jasmina %A Langford, Cordelia %A Leander, Karin %A Liang, Liming %A Lichtner, Peter %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Lindholm, Eero %A Linneberg, Allan %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Lobbens, Stéphane %A Luan, Jian'an %A Lyssenko, Valeriya %A Männistö, Satu %A McLeod, Olga %A Meyer, Julia %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Mirza, Ghazala %A Mühleisen, Thomas W %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Navarro, Carmen %A Nöthen, Markus M %A Oskolkov, Nikolay N %A Owen, Katharine R %A Palli, Domenico %A Pechlivanis, Sonali %A Peltonen, Leena %A Perry, John R B %A Platou, Carl G P %A Roden, Michael %A Ruderfer, Douglas %A Rybin, Denis %A van der Schouw, Yvonne T %A Sennblad, Bengt %A Sigurðsson, Gunnar %A Stančáková, Alena %A Steinbach, Gerald %A Storm, Petter %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Stringham, Heather M %A Sun, Qi %A Thorand, Barbara %A Tikkanen, Emmi %A Tonjes, Anke %A Trakalo, Joseph %A Tremoli, Elena %A Tuomi, Tiinamaija %A Wennauer, Roman %A Wiltshire, Steven %A Wood, Andrew R %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Dunham, Ian %A Birney, Ewan %A Pasquali, Lorenzo %A Ferrer, Jorge %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Dupuis, Josée %A Florez, Jose C %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Pankow, James S %A van Duijn, Cornelia %A Sijbrands, Eric %A Meigs, James B %A Hu, Frank B %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Stefansson, Kari %A Lakka, Timo A %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Pedersen, Nancy L %A Lind, Lars %A Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M %A Korpi-Hyövälti, Eeva %A Saaristo, Timo E %A Saltevo, Juha %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Laakso, Markku %A Metspalu, Andres %A Erbel, Raimund %A Jöcke, Karl-Heinz %A Moebus, Susanne %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Boehm, Bernhard O %A Bergman, Richard N %A Collins, Francis S %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Koistinen, Heikki %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Hveem, Kristian %A Njølstad, Inger %A Deloukas, Panagiotis %A Donnelly, Peter J %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A de Faire, Ulf %A Hamsten, Anders %A Illig, Thomas %A Peters, Annette %A Cauchi, Stephane %A Sladek, Rob %A Froguel, Philippe %A Hansen, Torben %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Morris, Andrew D %A Palmer, Collin N A %A Kathiresan, Sekar %A Melander, Olle %A Nilsson, Peter M %A Groop, Leif C %A Barroso, Inês %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A O'Callaghan, Christopher A %A Gloyn, Anna L %A Altshuler, David %A Boehnke, Michael %A Teslovich, Tanya M %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Morris, Andrew P %K Binding Sites %K Case-Control Studies %K Chromatin Immunoprecipitation %K Chromosome Mapping %K Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 %K Gene Expression Regulation %K Genetic Loci %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Genomics %K Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta %K Humans %K Islets of Langerhans %K Liver %K Molecular Sequence Annotation %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Receptor, Melatonin, MT2 %X

We performed fine mapping of 39 established type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci in 27,206 cases and 57,574 controls of European ancestry. We identified 49 distinct association signals at these loci, including five mapping in or near KCNQ1. 'Credible sets' of the variants most likely to drive each distinct signal mapped predominantly to noncoding sequence, implying that association with T2D is mediated through gene regulation. Credible set variants were enriched for overlap with FOXA2 chromatin immunoprecipitation binding sites in human islet and liver cells, including at MTNR1B, where fine mapping implicated rs10830963 as driving T2D association. We confirmed that the T2D risk allele for this SNP increases FOXA2-bound enhancer activity in islet- and liver-derived cells. We observed allele-specific differences in NEUROD1 binding in islet-derived cells, consistent with evidence that the T2D risk allele increases islet MTNR1B expression. Our study demonstrates how integration of genetic and genomic information can define molecular mechanisms through which variants underlying association signals exert their effects on disease.

%B Nat Genet %V 47 %P 1415-25 %8 2015 Dec %G eng %N 12 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26551672?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/ng.3437