%0 Journal Article %J PLoS One %D 2007 %T Paradoxical DNA repair and peroxide resistance gene conservation in Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032. %A Gioia, Jason %A Yerrapragada, Shailaja %A Qin, Xiang %A Jiang, Huaiyang %A Igboeli, Okezie C %A Muzny, Donna %A Dugan-Rocha, Shannon %A Ding, Yan %A Hawes, Alicia %A Liu, Wen %A Perez, Lesette %A Kovar, Christie %A Dinh, Huyen %A Lee, Sandra %A Nazareth, Lynne %A Blyth, Peter %A Holder, Michael %A Buhay, Christian %A Tirumalai, Madhan R %A Liu, Yamei %A Dasgupta, Indrani %A Bokhetache, Lina %A Fujita, Masaya %A Karouia, Fathi %A Eswara Moorthy, Prahathees %A Siefert, Johnathan %A Uzman, Akif %A Buzumbo, Prince %A Verma, Avani %A Zwiya, Hiba %A McWilliams, Brian D %A Olowu, Adeloa %A Clinkenbeard, Kenneth D %A Newcombe, David %A Golebiewski, Lisa %A Petrosino, Joseph F %A Nicholson, Wayne L %A Fox, George E %A Venkateswaran, Kasthuri %A Highlander, Sarah K %A Weinstock, George M %K Bacillus %K DNA Repair %K Drug Resistance, Bacterial %K Gamma Rays %K Genes, Bacterial %K Genome, Bacterial %K Hydrogen Peroxide %K Oxidative Stress %K Sequence Analysis, DNA %K Spores, Bacterial %K Ultraviolet Rays %X

BACKGROUND: Bacillus spores are notoriously resistant to unfavorable conditions such as UV radiation, gamma-radiation, H2O2, desiccation, chemical disinfection, or starvation. Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 survives standard decontamination procedures of the Jet Propulsion Lab spacecraft assembly facility, and both spores and vegetative cells of this strain exhibit elevated resistance to UV radiation and H2O2 compared to other Bacillus species.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The genome of B. pumilus SAFR-032 was sequenced and annotated. Lists of genes relevant to DNA repair and the oxidative stress response were generated and compared to B. subtilis and B. licheniformis. Differences in conservation of genes, gene order, and protein sequences are highlighted because they potentially explain the extreme resistance phenotype of B. pumilus. The B. pumilus genome includes genes not found in B. subtilis or B. licheniformis and conserved genes with sequence divergence, but paradoxically lacks several genes that function in UV or H2O2 resistance in other Bacillus species.

SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies several candidate genes for further research into UV and H2O2 resistance. These findings will help explain the resistance of B. pumilus and are applicable to understanding sterilization survival strategies of microbes.

%B PLoS One %V 2 %P e928 %8 2007 Sep 26 %G eng %N 9 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17895969?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1371/journal.pone.0000928 %0 Journal Article %J J Bacteriol %D 2006 %T Chromosome rearrangement and diversification of Francisella tularensis revealed by the type B (OSU18) genome sequence. %A Petrosino, Joseph F %A Xiang, Qin %A Karpathy, Sandor E %A Jiang, Huaiyang %A Yerrapragada, Shailaja %A Liu, Yamei %A Gioia, Jason %A Hemphill, Lisa %A Gonzalez, Arely %A Raghavan, T M %A Uzman, Akif %A Fox, George E %A Highlander, Sarah %A Reichard, Mason %A Morton, Rebecca J %A Clinkenbeard, Kenneth D %A Weinstock, George M %K Chromosomes, Bacterial %K DNA Transposable Elements %K DNA, Bacterial %K Evolution, Molecular %K Francisella tularensis %K Gene Rearrangement %K Genome, Bacterial %K Molecular Sequence Data %K Polymorphism, Genetic %K Pseudogenes %K Recombination, Genetic %K Sequence Analysis, DNA %K Sequence Homology %K Virulence %X

The gamma-proteobacterium Francisella tularensis is one of the most infectious human pathogens, and the highly virulent organism F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) and less virulent organism F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (type B) are most commonly associated with significant disease in humans and animals. Here we report the complete genome sequence and annotation for a low-passage type B strain (OSU18) isolated from a dead beaver found near Red Rock, Okla., in 1978. A comparison of the F. tularensis subsp. holarctica sequence with that of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis strain Schu4 (P. Larsson et al., Nat. Genet. 37:153-159, 2005) highlighted genetic differences that may underlie different pathogenicity phenotypes and the evolutionary relationship between type A and type B strains. Despite extensive DNA sequence identity, the most significant difference between type A and type B isolates is the striking amount of genomic rearrangement that exists between the strains. All but two rearrangements can be attributed to homologous recombination occurring between two prominent insertion elements, ISFtu1 and ISFtu2. Numerous pseudogenes have been found in the genomes and are likely contributors to the difference in virulence between the strains. In contrast, no rearrangements have been observed between the OSU18 genome and the genome of the type B live vaccine strain (LVS), and only 448 polymorphisms have been found within non-transposase-coding sequences whose homologs are intact in OSU18. Nonconservative differences between the two strains likely include the LVS attenuating mutation(s).

%B J Bacteriol %V 188 %P 6977-85 %8 2006 Oct %G eng %N 19 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16980500?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1128/JB.00506-06