%0 Journal Article %J Front Genet %D 2023 %T Gene-educational attainment interactions in a multi-population genome-wide meta-analysis identify novel lipid loci. %A de Las Fuentes, Lisa %A Schwander, Karen L %A Brown, Michael R %A Bentley, Amy R %A Winkler, Thomas W %A Sung, Yun Ju %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Miller, Clint L %A Aschard, Hugo %A Aslibekyan, Stella %A Bartz, Traci M %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Chai, Jin Fang %A Cheng, Ching-Yu %A Dorajoo, Rajkumar %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Hartwig, Fernando P %A Horimoto, Andrea %A Kolcic, Ivana %A Lim, Elise %A Liu, Yongmei %A Manning, Alisa K %A Marten, Jonathan %A Musani, Solomon K %A Noordam, Raymond %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Rankinen, Tuomo %A Richard, Melissa A %A Ridker, Paul M %A Smith, Albert V %A Vojinovic, Dina %A Zonderman, Alan B %A Alver, Maris %A Boissel, Mathilde %A Christensen, Kaare %A Freedman, Barry I %A Gao, Chuan %A Giulianini, Franco %A Harris, Sarah E %A He, Meian %A Hsu, Fang-Chi %A Kühnel, Brigitte %A Laguzzi, Federica %A Li, Xiaoyin %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A Nolte, Ilja M %A Poveda, Alaitz %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Riaz, Muhammad %A Robino, Antonietta %A Sofer, Tamar %A Takeuchi, Fumihiko %A Tayo, Bamidele O %A van der Most, Peter J %A Verweij, Niek %A Ware, Erin B %A Weiss, Stefan %A Wen, Wanqing %A Yanek, Lisa R %A Zhan, Yiqiang %A Amin, Najaf %A Arking, Dan E %A Ballantyne, Christie %A Eric Boerwinkle %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Broeckel, Ulrich %A Campbell, Archie %A Canouil, Mickaël %A Chai, Xiaoran %A Chen, Yii-Der Ida %A Chen, Xu %A Chitrala, Kumaraswamy Naidu %A Concas, Maria Pina %A de Faire, Ulf %A de Mutsert, Renée %A de Silva, H Janaka %A de Vries, Paul S %A Do, Ahn %A Faul, Jessica D %A Fisher, Virginia %A Floyd, James S %A Forrester, Terrence %A Friedlander, Yechiel %A Girotto, Giorgia %A Gu, C Charles %A Hallmans, Goran %A Heikkinen, Sami %A Heng, Chew-Kiat %A Homuth, Georg %A Hunt, Steven %A Ikram, M Arfan %A Jacobs, David R %A Kavousi, Maryam %A Khor, Chiea Chuen %A Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O %A Koh, Woon-Puay %A Komulainen, Pirjo %A Langefeld, Carl D %A Liang, Jingjing %A Liu, Kiang %A Liu, Jianjun %A Lohman, Kurt %A Mägi, Reedik %A Manichaikul, Ani W %A McKenzie, Colin A %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Milaneschi, Yuri %A Nauck, Matthias %A Nelson, Christopher P %A O'Connell, Jeffrey R %A Palmer, Nicholette D %A Pereira, Alexandre C %A Perls, Thomas %A Peters, Annette %A Polasek, Ozren %A Raitakari, Olli T %A Rice, Kenneth %A Rice, Treva K %A Rich, Stephen S %A Sabanayagam, Charumathi %A Schreiner, Pamela J %A Shu, Xiao-Ou %A Sidney, Stephen %A Sims, Mario %A Smith, Jennifer A %A Starr, John M %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Tai, E Shyong %A Taylor, Kent D %A Tsai, Michael Y %A Uitterlinden, André G %A van Heemst, Diana %A Waldenberger, Melanie %A Wang, Ya-Xing %A Wei, Wen-Bin %A Wilson, Gregory %A Xuan, Deng %A Yao, Jie %A Yu, Caizheng %A Yuan, Jian-Min %A Zhao, Wei %A Becker, Diane M %A Bonnefond, Amélie %A Bowden, Donald W %A Cooper, Richard S %A Deary, Ian J %A Divers, Jasmin %A Esko, Tõnu %A Franks, Paul W %A Froguel, Philippe %A Gieger, Christian %A Jonas, Jost B %A Kato, Norihiro %A Lakka, Timo A %A Leander, Karin %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Magnusson, Patrik K E %A North, Kari E %A Ntalla, Ioanna %A Penninx, Brenda %A Samani, Nilesh J %A Snieder, Harold %A Spedicati, Beatrice %A van der Harst, Pim %A Völzke, Henry %A Wagenknecht, Lynne E %A Weir, David R %A Wojczynski, Mary K %A Wu, Tangchun %A Zheng, Wei %A Zhu, Xiaofeng %A Bouchard, Claude %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Evans, Michele K %A Fox, Ervin R %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Hayward, Caroline %A Horta, Bernardo L %A Kardia, Sharon L R %A Krieger, Jose Eduardo %A Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O %A Peyser, Patricia A %A Province, Michael M %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Rudan, Igor %A Sim, Xueling %A Smith, Blair H %A van Dam, Rob M %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Wong, Tien Yin %A Arnett, Donna K %A Rao, Dabeeru C %A Gauderman, James %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Morrison, Alanna C %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Fornage, Myriam %X

Educational attainment, widely used in epidemiologic studies as a surrogate for socioeconomic status, is a predictor of cardiovascular health outcomes. A two-stage genome-wide meta-analysis of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels was performed while accounting for gene-educational attainment interactions in up to 226,315 individuals from five population groups. We considered two educational attainment variables: "Some College" (yes/no, for any education beyond high school) and "Graduated College" (yes/no, for completing a 4-year college degree). Genome-wide significant ( < 5 × 10) and suggestive ( < 1 × 10) variants were identified in Stage 1 (in up to 108,784 individuals) through genome-wide analysis, and those variants were followed up in Stage 2 studies (in up to 117,531 individuals). In combined analysis of Stages 1 and 2, we identified 18 novel lipid loci (nine for LDL, seven for HDL, and two for TG) by two degree-of-freedom (2 DF) joint tests of main and interaction effects. Four loci showed significant interaction with educational attainment. Two loci were significant only in cross-population analyses. Several loci include genes with known or suggested roles in adipose (), brain (), and liver () biology, highlighting the potential importance of brain-adipose-liver communication in the regulation of lipid metabolism. An investigation of the potential druggability of genes in identified loci resulted in five gene targets shown to interact with drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration, including genes with roles in adipose and brain tissue. Genome-wide interaction analysis of educational attainment identified novel lipid loci not previously detected by analyses limited to main genetic effects.

%B Front Genet %V 14 %P 1235337 %8 2023 %G eng %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38028628?dopt=Abstract %R 10.3389/fgene.2023.1235337 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2021 %T Publisher Correction: Discovery of rare variants associated with blood pressure regulation through meta-analysis of 1.3 million individuals. %A Surendran, Praveen %A Feofanova, Elena V %A Lahrouchi, Najim %A Ntalla, Ioanna %A Karthikeyan, Savita %A Cook, James %A Chen, Lingyan %A Mifsud, Borbala %A Yao, Chen %A Kraja, Aldi T %A Cartwright, James H %A Hellwege, Jacklyn N %A Giri, Ayush %A Tragante, Vinicius %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Liu, Dajiang J %A Prins, Bram P %A Stewart, Isobel D %A Cabrera, Claudia P %A Eales, James M %A Akbarov, Artur %A Auer, Paul L %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Bis, Joshua C %A Braithwaite, Vickie S %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Daw, E Warwick %A Warren, Helen R %A Drenos, Fotios %A Nielsen, Sune Fallgaard %A Faul, Jessica D %A Fauman, Eric B %A Fava, Cristiano %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Foley, Christopher N %A Franceschini, Nora %A Gao, He %A Giannakopoulou, Olga %A Giulianini, Franco %A Gudbjartsson, Daniel F %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Harris, Sarah E %A Havulinna, Aki S %A Helgadottir, Anna %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A Hwang, Shih-Jen %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Kontto, Jukka %A Larson, Martin G %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Lindström, Jaana %A Lotta, Luca A %A Lu, Yingchang %A Luan, Jian'an %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Malerba, Giovanni %A Masca, Nicholas G D %A Mei, Hao %A Menni, Cristina %A Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O %A Mosen-Ansorena, David %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Paré, Guillaume %A Paul, Dirk S %A Perola, Markus %A Poveda, Alaitz %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Richard, Melissa %A Richardson, Tom G %A Sepúlveda, Nuno %A Sim, Xueling %A Smith, Albert V %A Smith, Jennifer A %A Staley, James R %A Stanáková, Alena %A Sulem, Patrick %A Thériault, Sébastien %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Trompet, Stella %A Varga, Tibor V %A Velez Edwards, Digna R %A Veronesi, Giovanni %A Weiss, Stefan %A Willems, Sara M %A Yao, Jie %A Young, Robin %A Yu, Bing %A Zhang, Weihua %A Zhao, Jing-Hua %A Zhao, Wei %A Zhao, Wei %A Evangelou, Evangelos %A Aeschbacher, Stefanie %A Asllanaj, Eralda %A Blankenberg, Stefan %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Bork-Jensen, Jette %A Brandslund, Ivan %A Braund, Peter S %A Burgess, Stephen %A Cho, Kelly %A Christensen, Cramer %A Connell, John %A Mutsert, Renée de %A Dominiczak, Anna F %A Dörr, Marcus %A Eiriksdottir, Gudny %A Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni %A Gaziano, J Michael %A Grarup, Niels %A Grove, Megan L %A Hallmans, Goran %A Hansen, Torben %A Have, Christian T %A Heiss, Gerardo %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Jousilahti, Pekka %A Kajantie, Eero %A Kamat, Mihir %A Käräjämäki, Annemari %A Karpe, Fredrik %A Koistinen, Heikki A %A Kovesdy, Csaba P %A Kuulasmaa, Kari %A Laatikainen, Tiina %A Lannfelt, Lars %A Lee, I-Te %A Lee, Wen-Jane %A Linneberg, Allan %A Martin, Lisa W %A Moitry, Marie %A Nadkarni, Girish %A Neville, Matt J %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Papanicolaou, George J %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Peters, James %A Poulter, Neil %A Rasheed, Asif %A Rasmussen, Katrine L %A Rayner, N William %A Mägi, Reedik %A Renstrom, Frida %A Rettig, Rainer %A Rossouw, Jacques %A Schreiner, Pamela J %A Sever, Peter S %A Sigurdsson, Emil L %A Skaaby, Tea %A Sun, Yan V %A Sundström, Johan %A Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur %A Esko, Tõnu %A Trabetti, Elisabetta %A Tsao, Philip S %A Tuomi, Tiinamaija %A Turner, Stephen T %A Tzoulaki, Ioanna %A Vaartjes, Ilonca %A Vergnaud, Anne-Claire %A Willer, Cristen J %A Wilson, Peter W F %A Witte, Daniel R %A Yonova-Doing, Ekaterina %A Zhang, He %A Aliya, Naheed %A Almgren, Peter %A Amouyel, Philippe %A Asselbergs, Folkert W %A Barnes, Michael R %A Blakemore, Alexandra I %A Boehnke, Michael %A Bots, Michiel L %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Buring, Julie E %A Chambers, John C %A Chen, Yii-Der Ida %A Chowdhury, Rajiv %A Conen, David %A Correa, Adolfo %A Davey Smith, George %A Boer, Rudolf A de %A Deary, Ian J %A Dedoussis, George %A Deloukas, Panos %A Di Angelantonio, Emanuele %A Elliott, Paul %A Felix, Stephan B %A Ferrieres, Jean %A Ford, Ian %A Fornage, Myriam %A Franks, Paul W %A Franks, Stephen %A Frossard, Philippe %A Gambaro, Giovanni %A Gaunt, Tom R %A Groop, Leif %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Harris, Tamara B %A Hayward, Caroline %A Hennig, Branwen J %A Herzig, Karl-Heinz %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Kardia, Sharon L R %A Kee, Frank %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Kooperberg, Charles %A Launer, Lenore J %A Lind, Lars %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Majumder, Abdulla Al Shafi %A Laakso, Markku %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Melander, Olle %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Murray, Alison D %A Nordestgaard, Børge Grønne %A Orho-Melander, Marju %A Packard, Chris J %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Palmas, Walter %A Polasek, Ozren %A Porteous, David J %A Prentice, Andrew M %A Province, Michael A %A Relton, Caroline L %A Rice, Kenneth %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rolandsson, Olov %A Rosendaal, Frits R %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Rudan, Igor %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Samani, Nilesh J %A Sattar, Naveed %A Sheu, Wayne H-H %A Smith, Blair H %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Spector, Timothy D %A Starr, John M %A Sebert, Sylvain %A Taylor, Kent D %A Lakka, Timo A %A Timpson, Nicholas J %A Tobin, Martin D %A van der Harst, Pim %A van der Meer, Peter %A Ramachandran, Vasan S %A Verweij, Niek %A Virtamo, Jarmo %A Völker, Uwe %A Weir, David R %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Charchar, Fadi J %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Tomaszewski, Maciej %A Butterworth, Adam S %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Danesh, John %A Edwards, Todd L %A Holm, Hilma %A Hung, Adriana M %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Liu, Chunyu %A Manning, Alisa K %A Morris, Andrew P %A Morrison, Alanna C %A O'Donnell, Christopher J %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Saleheen, Danish %A Stefansson, Kari %A Eric Boerwinkle %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Levy, Daniel %A Newton-Cheh, Christopher %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Howson, Joanna M M %B Nat Genet %V 53 %P 762 %8 2021 May %G eng %N 5 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33727701?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/s41588-021-00832-z %0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2020 %T Discovery of rare variants associated with blood pressure regulation through meta-analysis of 1.3 million individuals. %A Surendran, Praveen %A Feofanova, Elena V %A Lahrouchi, Najim %A Ntalla, Ioanna %A Karthikeyan, Savita %A Cook, James %A Chen, Lingyan %A Mifsud, Borbala %A Yao, Chen %A Kraja, Aldi T %A Cartwright, James H %A Hellwege, Jacklyn N %A Giri, Ayush %A Tragante, Vinicius %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Liu, Dajiang J %A Prins, Bram P %A Stewart, Isobel D %A Cabrera, Claudia P %A Eales, James M %A Akbarov, Artur %A Auer, Paul L %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Bis, Joshua C %A Braithwaite, Vickie S %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Daw, E Warwick %A Warren, Helen R %A Drenos, Fotios %A Nielsen, Sune Fallgaard %A Faul, Jessica D %A Fauman, Eric B %A Fava, Cristiano %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Foley, Christopher N %A Franceschini, Nora %A Gao, He %A Giannakopoulou, Olga %A Giulianini, Franco %A Gudbjartsson, Daniel F %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Harris, Sarah E %A Havulinna, Aki S %A Helgadottir, Anna %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A Hwang, Shih-Jen %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Kontto, Jukka %A Larson, Martin G %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Lindström, Jaana %A Lotta, Luca A %A Lu, Yingchang %A Luan, Jian'an %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Malerba, Giovanni %A Masca, Nicholas G D %A Mei, Hao %A Menni, Cristina %A Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O %A Mosen-Ansorena, David %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Paré, Guillaume %A Paul, Dirk S %A Perola, Markus %A Poveda, Alaitz %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Richard, Melissa %A Richardson, Tom G %A Sepúlveda, Nuno %A Sim, Xueling %A Smith, Albert V %A Smith, Jennifer A %A Staley, James R %A Stanáková, Alena %A Sulem, Patrick %A Thériault, Sébastien %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Trompet, Stella %A Varga, Tibor V %A Velez Edwards, Digna R %A Veronesi, Giovanni %A Weiss, Stefan %A Willems, Sara M %A Yao, Jie %A Young, Robin %A Yu, Bing %A Zhang, Weihua %A Zhao, Jing-Hua %A Zhao, Wei %A Zhao, Wei %A Evangelou, Evangelos %A Aeschbacher, Stefanie %A Asllanaj, Eralda %A Blankenberg, Stefan %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Bork-Jensen, Jette %A Brandslund, Ivan %A Braund, Peter S %A Burgess, Stephen %A Cho, Kelly %A Christensen, Cramer %A Connell, John %A Mutsert, Renée de %A Dominiczak, Anna F %A Dörr, Marcus %A Eiriksdottir, Gudny %A Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni %A Gaziano, J Michael %A Grarup, Niels %A Grove, Megan L %A Hallmans, Goran %A Hansen, Torben %A Have, Christian T %A Heiss, Gerardo %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Jousilahti, Pekka %A Kajantie, Eero %A Kamat, Mihir %A Käräjämäki, Annemari %A Karpe, Fredrik %A Koistinen, Heikki A %A Kovesdy, Csaba P %A Kuulasmaa, Kari %A Laatikainen, Tiina %A Lannfelt, Lars %A Lee, I-Te %A Lee, Wen-Jane %A Linneberg, Allan %A Martin, Lisa W %A Moitry, Marie %A Nadkarni, Girish %A Neville, Matt J %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Papanicolaou, George J %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Peters, James %A Poulter, Neil %A Rasheed, Asif %A Rasmussen, Katrine L %A Rayner, N William %A Mägi, Reedik %A Renstrom, Frida %A Rettig, Rainer %A Rossouw, Jacques %A Schreiner, Pamela J %A Sever, Peter S %A Sigurdsson, Emil L %A Skaaby, Tea %A Sun, Yan V %A Sundström, Johan %A Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur %A Esko, Tõnu %A Trabetti, Elisabetta %A Tsao, Philip S %A Tuomi, Tiinamaija %A Turner, Stephen T %A Tzoulaki, Ioanna %A Vaartjes, Ilonca %A Vergnaud, Anne-Claire %A Willer, Cristen J %A Wilson, Peter W F %A Witte, Daniel R %A Yonova-Doing, Ekaterina %A Zhang, He %A Aliya, Naheed %A Almgren, Peter %A Amouyel, Philippe %A Asselbergs, Folkert W %A Barnes, Michael R %A Blakemore, Alexandra I %A Boehnke, Michael %A Bots, Michiel L %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Buring, Julie E %A Chambers, John C %A Chen, Yii-Der Ida %A Chowdhury, Rajiv %A Conen, David %A Correa, Adolfo %A Davey Smith, George %A Boer, Rudolf A de %A Deary, Ian J %A Dedoussis, George %A Deloukas, Panos %A Di Angelantonio, Emanuele %A Elliott, Paul %A Felix, Stephan B %A Ferrieres, Jean %A Ford, Ian %A Fornage, Myriam %A Franks, Paul W %A Franks, Stephen %A Frossard, Philippe %A Gambaro, Giovanni %A Gaunt, Tom R %A Groop, Leif %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Harris, Tamara B %A Hayward, Caroline %A Hennig, Branwen J %A Herzig, Karl-Heinz %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Kardia, Sharon L R %A Kee, Frank %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Kooperberg, Charles %A Launer, Lenore J %A Lind, Lars %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Majumder, Abdulla Al Shafi %A Laakso, Markku %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Melander, Olle %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Murray, Alison D %A Nordestgaard, Børge Grønne %A Orho-Melander, Marju %A Packard, Chris J %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Palmas, Walter %A Polasek, Ozren %A Porteous, David J %A Prentice, Andrew M %A Province, Michael A %A Relton, Caroline L %A Rice, Kenneth %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rolandsson, Olov %A Rosendaal, Frits R %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Rudan, Igor %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Samani, Nilesh J %A Sattar, Naveed %A Sheu, Wayne H-H %A Smith, Blair H %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Spector, Timothy D %A Starr, John M %A Sebert, Sylvain %A Taylor, Kent D %A Lakka, Timo A %A Timpson, Nicholas J %A Tobin, Martin D %A van der Harst, Pim %A van der Meer, Peter %A Ramachandran, Vasan S %A Verweij, Niek %A Virtamo, Jarmo %A Völker, Uwe %A Weir, David R %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Charchar, Fadi J %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Tomaszewski, Maciej %A Butterworth, Adam S %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Danesh, John %A Edwards, Todd L %A Holm, Hilma %A Hung, Adriana M %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Liu, Chunyu %A Manning, Alisa K %A Morris, Andrew P %A Morrison, Alanna C %A O'Donnell, Christopher J %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Saleheen, Danish %A Stefansson, Kari %A Eric Boerwinkle %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Levy, Daniel %A Newton-Cheh, Christopher %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Howson, Joanna M M %K Blood Pressure %K GATA5 Transcription Factor %K Gene Frequency %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Genotype %K Humans %K Hypertension %K Mutation %K Phospholipase C beta %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %X

Genetic studies of blood pressure (BP) to date have mainly analyzed common variants (minor allele frequency > 0.05). In a meta-analysis of up to ~1.3 million participants, we discovered 106 new BP-associated genomic regions and 87 rare (minor allele frequency ≤ 0.01) variant BP associations (P < 5 × 10), of which 32 were in new BP-associated loci and 55 were independent BP-associated single-nucleotide variants within known BP-associated regions. Average effects of rare variants (44% coding) were ~8 times larger than common variant effects and indicate potential candidate causal genes at new and known loci (for example, GATA5 and PLCB3). BP-associated variants (including rare and common) were enriched in regions of active chromatin in fetal tissues, potentially linking fetal development with BP regulation in later life. Multivariable Mendelian randomization suggested possible inverse effects of elevated systolic and diastolic BP on large artery stroke. Our study demonstrates the utility of rare-variant analyses for identifying candidate genes and the results highlight potential therapeutic targets.

%B Nat Genet %V 52 %P 1314-1332 %8 2020 Dec %G eng %N 12 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33230300?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/s41588-020-00713-x %0 Journal Article %J PLoS One %D 2018 %T Novel genetic associations for blood pressure identified via gene-alcohol interaction in up to 570K individuals across multiple ancestries. %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Kraja, Aldi T %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Sung, Yun J %A Winkler, Thomas W %A Ntalla, Ioanna %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Franceschini, Nora %A Cheng, Ching-Yu %A Sim, Xueling %A Vojinovic, Dina %A Marten, Jonathan %A Musani, Solomon K %A Li, Changwei %A Bentley, Amy R %A Brown, Michael R %A Schwander, Karen %A Richard, Melissa A %A Noordam, Raymond %A Aschard, Hugues %A Bartz, Traci M %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Dorajoo, Rajkumar %A Fisher, Virginia %A Hartwig, Fernando P %A Horimoto, Andrea R V R %A Lohman, Kurt K %A Manning, Alisa K %A Rankinen, Tuomo %A Smith, Albert V %A Tajuddin, Salman M %A Wojczynski, Mary K %A Alver, Maris %A Boissel, Mathilde %A Cai, Qiuyin %A Campbell, Archie %A Chai, Jin Fang %A Chen, Xu %A Divers, Jasmin %A Gao, Chuan %A Goel, Anuj %A Hagemeijer, Yanick %A Harris, Sarah E %A He, Meian %A Hsu, Fang-Chi %A Jackson, Anne U %A Kähönen, Mika %A Kasturiratne, Anuradhani %A Komulainen, Pirjo %A Kühnel, Brigitte %A Laguzzi, Federica %A Luan, Jian'an %A Matoba, Nana %A Nolte, Ilja M %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Riaz, Muhammad %A Rueedi, Rico %A Robino, Antonietta %A Said, M Abdullah %A Scott, Robert A %A Sofer, Tamar %A Stančáková, Alena %A Takeuchi, Fumihiko %A Tayo, Bamidele O %A van der Most, Peter J %A Varga, Tibor V %A Vitart, Veronique %A Wang, Yajuan %A Ware, Erin B %A Warren, Helen R %A Weiss, Stefan %A Wen, Wanqing %A Yanek, Lisa R %A Zhang, Weihua %A Zhao, Jing Hua %A Afaq, Saima %A Amin, Najaf %A Amini, Marzyeh %A Arking, Dan E %A Aung, Tin %A Eric Boerwinkle %A Borecki, Ingrid %A Broeckel, Ulrich %A Brown, Morris %A Brumat, Marco %A Burke, Gregory L %A Canouil, Mickaël %A Chakravarti, Aravinda %A Charumathi, Sabanayagam %A Ida Chen, Yii-Der %A Connell, John M %A Correa, Adolfo %A de Las Fuentes, Lisa %A de Mutsert, Renée %A de Silva, H Janaka %A Deng, Xuan %A Ding, Jingzhong %A Duan, Qing %A Eaton, Charles B %A Ehret, Georg %A Eppinga, Ruben N %A Evangelou, Evangelos %A Faul, Jessica D %A Felix, Stephan B %A Forouhi, Nita G %A Forrester, Terrence %A Franco, Oscar H %A Friedlander, Yechiel %A Gandin, Ilaria %A Gao, He %A Ghanbari, Mohsen %A Gigante, Bruna %A Gu, C Charles %A Gu, Dongfeng %A Hagenaars, Saskia P %A Hallmans, Goran %A Harris, Tamara B %A He, Jiang %A Heikkinen, Sami %A Heng, Chew-Kiat %A Hirata, Makoto %A Howard, Barbara V %A Ikram, M Arfan %A John, Ulrich %A Katsuya, Tomohiro %A Khor, Chiea Chuen %A Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O %A Koh, Woon-Puay %A Krieger, Jose E %A Kritchevsky, Stephen B %A Kubo, Michiaki %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Lakka, Timo A %A Langefeld, Carl D %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Launer, Lenore J %A Lehne, Benjamin %A Lewis, Cora E %A Li, Yize %A Lin, Shiow %A Liu, Jianjun %A Liu, Jingmin %A Loh, Marie %A Louie, Tin %A Mägi, Reedik %A McKenzie, Colin A %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Metspalu, Andres %A Milaneschi, Yuri %A Milani, Lili %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Momozawa, Yukihide %A Nalls, Mike A %A Nelson, Christopher P %A Sotoodehnia, Nona %A Norris, Jill M %A O'Connell, Jeff R %A Palmer, Nicholette D %A Perls, Thomas %A Pedersen, Nancy L %A Peters, Annette %A Peyser, Patricia A %A Poulter, Neil %A Raffel, Leslie J %A Raitakari, Olli T %A Roll, Kathryn %A Rose, Lynda M %A Rosendaal, Frits R %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Schmidt, Carsten O %A Schreiner, Pamela J %A Schupf, Nicole %A Scott, William R %A Sever, Peter S %A Shi, Yuan %A Sidney, Stephen %A Sims, Mario %A Sitlani, Colleen M %A Smith, Jennifer A %A Snieder, Harold %A Starr, John M %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Stringham, Heather M %A Tan, Nicholas Y Q %A Tang, Hua %A Taylor, Kent D %A Teo, Yik Ying %A Tham, Yih Chung %A Turner, Stephen T %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Waldenberger, Melanie %A Wang, Lihua %A Wang, Ya Xing %A Wei, Wen Bin %A Williams, Christine %A Yao, Jie %A Yu, Caizheng %A Yuan, Jian-Min %A Zhao, Wei %A Zonderman, Alan B %A Becker, Diane M %A Boehnke, Michael %A Bowden, Donald W %A Chambers, John C %A Deary, Ian J %A Esko, Tõnu %A Farrall, Martin %A Franks, Paul W %A Freedman, Barry I %A Froguel, Philippe %A Gasparini, Paolo %A Gieger, Christian %A Jonas, Jost Bruno %A Kamatani, Yoichiro %A Kato, Norihiro %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Laakso, Markku %A Laurie, Cathy C %A Leander, Karin %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Study, Lifelines Cohort %A Magnusson, Patrik K E %A Oldehinkel, Albertine J %A Penninx, Brenda W J H %A Polasek, Ozren %A Porteous, David J %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Samani, Nilesh J %A Scott, James %A Shu, Xiao-Ou %A van der Harst, Pim %A Wagenknecht, Lynne E %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Watkins, Hugh %A Weir, David R %A Wickremasinghe, Ananda R %A Wu, Tangchun %A Zheng, Wei %A Bouchard, Claude %A Christensen, Kaare %A Evans, Michele K %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Horta, Bernardo L %A Kardia, Sharon L R %A Liu, Yongmei %A Pereira, Alexandre C %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Ridker, Paul M %A van Dam, Rob M %A Gauderman, W James %A Zhu, Xiaofeng %A Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O %A Fornage, Myriam %A Rotimi, Charles N %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Kelly, Tanika N %A Fox, Ervin R %A Hayward, Caroline %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Tai, E Shyong %A Wong, Tien Yin %A Kooperberg, Charles %A Palmas, Walter %A Rice, Kenneth %A Morrison, Alanna C %A Elliott, Paul %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Rao, Dabeeru C %A Province, Michael A %A Levy, Daniel %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Alcohol Drinking %K Blood Pressure %K Cohort Studies %K Female %K Gene-Environment Interaction %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Hypertension %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Pedigree %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Racial Groups %K Young Adult %X

Heavy alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for hypertension; the mechanism by which alcohol consumption impact blood pressure (BP) regulation remains unknown. We hypothesized that a genome-wide association study accounting for gene-alcohol consumption interaction for BP might identify additional BP loci and contribute to the understanding of alcohol-related BP regulation. We conducted a large two-stage investigation incorporating joint testing of main genetic effects and single nucleotide variant (SNV)-alcohol consumption interactions. In Stage 1, genome-wide discovery meta-analyses in ≈131K individuals across several ancestry groups yielded 3,514 SNVs (245 loci) with suggestive evidence of association (P < 1.0 x 10-5). In Stage 2, these SNVs were tested for independent external replication in ≈440K individuals across multiple ancestries. We identified and replicated (at Bonferroni correction threshold) five novel BP loci (380 SNVs in 21 genes) and 49 previously reported BP loci (2,159 SNVs in 109 genes) in European ancestry, and in multi-ancestry meta-analyses (P < 5.0 x 10-8). For African ancestry samples, we detected 18 potentially novel BP loci (P < 5.0 x 10-8) in Stage 1 that warrant further replication. Additionally, correlated meta-analysis identified eight novel BP loci (11 genes). Several genes in these loci (e.g., PINX1, GATA4, BLK, FTO and GABBR2) have been previously reported to be associated with alcohol consumption. These findings provide insights into the role of alcohol consumption in the genetic architecture of hypertension.

%B PLoS One %V 13 %P e0198166 %8 2018 %G eng %N 6 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29912962?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1371/journal.pone.0198166 %0 Journal Article %J PLoS Genet %D 2016 %T Rare Functional Variant in TM2D3 is Associated with Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. %A Jakobsdottir, Johanna %A van der Lee, Sven J %A Bis, Joshua C %A Chouraki, Vincent %A Li-Kroeger, David %A Yamamoto, Shinya %A Grove, Megan L %A Naj, Adam %A Vronskaya, Maria %A Salazar, Jose L %A DeStefano, Anita L %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Smith, Albert V %A Amin, Najaf %A Sims, Rebecca %A Ibrahim-Verbaas, Carla A %A Choi, Seung-Hoan %A Satizabal, Claudia L %A Lopez, Oscar L %A Beiser, Alexa %A Ikram, M Arfan %A Garcia, Melissa E %A Hayward, Caroline %A Varga, Tibor V %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Franks, Paul W %A Hallmans, Goran %A Rolandsson, Olov %A Jansson, Jan-Håkon %A Porteous, David J %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Eiriksdottir, Gudny %A Rice, Kenneth M %A Bellen, Hugo J %A Levy, Daniel %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Emilsson, Valur %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Aspelund, Thor %A O'Donnell, Christopher J %A Fitzpatrick, Annette L %A Launer, Lenore J %A Hofman, Albert %A Wang, Li-San %A Williams, Julie %A Schellenberg, Gerard D %A Eric Boerwinkle %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Seshadri, Sudha %A Shulman, Joshua M %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %K Age of Onset %K Aged %K Alleles %K Alzheimer Disease %K Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor %K Animals %K Apolipoproteins E %K Drosophila melanogaster %K Drosophila Proteins %K Exome %K Female %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Genomics %K Humans %K Iceland %K Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins %K Male %K Membrane Proteins %K Mutation %K Phenotype %K Receptors, Notch %K Tropomyosin %K White People %X

We performed an exome-wide association analysis in 1393 late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) cases and 8141 controls from the CHARGE consortium. We found that a rare variant (P155L) in TM2D3 was enriched in Icelanders (~0.5% versus <0.05% in other European populations). In 433 LOAD cases and 3903 controls from the Icelandic AGES sub-study, P155L was associated with increased risk and earlier onset of LOAD [odds ratio (95% CI) = 7.5 (3.5-15.9), p = 6.6x10-9]. Mutation in the Drosophila TM2D3 homolog, almondex, causes a phenotype similar to loss of Notch/Presenilin signaling. Human TM2D3 is capable of rescuing these phenotypes, but this activity is abolished by P155L, establishing it as a functionally damaging allele. Our results establish a rare TM2D3 variant in association with LOAD susceptibility, and together with prior work suggests possible links to the β-amyloid cascade.

%B PLoS Genet %V 12 %P e1006327 %8 2016 Oct %G eng %N 10 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27764101?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006327 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Commun %D 2015 %T Low-frequency and rare exome chip variants associate with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes susceptibility. %A Wessel, Jennifer %A Chu, Audrey Y %A Willems, Sara M %A Wang, Shuai %A Yaghootkar, Hanieh %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Dauriz, Marco %A Hivert, Marie-France %A Raghavan, Sridharan %A Lipovich, Leonard %A Hidalgo, Bertha %A Fox, Keolu %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A An, Ping %A Lu, Yingchang %A Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J %A Grarup, Niels %A Ehm, Margaret G %A Li, Li %A Baldridge, Abigail S %A Stančáková, Alena %A Abrol, Ravinder %A Besse, Céline %A Boland, Anne %A Bork-Jensen, Jette %A Fornage, Myriam %A Freitag, Daniel F %A Garcia, Melissa E %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Hara, Kazuo %A Isaacs, Aaron %A Jakobsdottir, Johanna %A Lange, Leslie A %A Layton, Jill C %A Li, Man %A Hua Zhao, Jing %A Meidtner, Karina %A Morrison, Alanna C %A Nalls, Mike A %A Peters, Marjolein J %A Sabater-Lleal, Maria %A Schurmann, Claudia %A Silveira, Angela %A Smith, Albert V %A Southam, Lorraine %A Stoiber, Marcus H %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Taylor, Kent D %A Varga, Tibor V %A Allin, Kristine H %A Amin, Najaf %A Aponte, Jennifer L %A Aung, Tin %A Barbieri, Caterina %A Bihlmeyer, Nathan A %A Boehnke, Michael %A Bombieri, Cristina %A Bowden, Donald W %A Burns, Sean M %A Chen, Yuning %A Chen, Yii-DerI %A Cheng, Ching-Yu %A Correa, Adolfo %A Czajkowski, Jacek %A Dehghan, Abbas %A Ehret, Georg B %A Eiriksdottir, Gudny %A Escher, Stefan A %A Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni %A Frånberg, Mattias %A Gambaro, Giovanni %A Giulianini, Franco %A Goddard, William A %A Goel, Anuj %A Gottesman, Omri %A Grove, Megan L %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Hai, Yang %A Hallmans, Goran %A Heo, Jiyoung %A Hoffmann, Per %A Ikram, Mohammad K %A Jensen, Richard A %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Karaleftheri, Maria %A Khor, Chiea C %A Kirkpatrick, Andrea %A Kraja, Aldi T %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Lange, Ethan M %A Lee, I T %A Lee, Wen-Jane %A Leong, Aaron %A Liao, Jiemin %A Liu, Chunyu %A Liu, Yongmei %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Linneberg, Allan %A Malerba, Giovanni %A Mamakou, Vasiliki %A Marouli, Eirini %A Maruthur, Nisa M %A Matchan, Angela %A McKean-Cowdin, Roberta %A McLeod, Olga %A Metcalf, Ginger A %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Muzny, Donna M %A Ntalla, Ioanna %A Palmer, Nicholette D %A Pasko, Dorota %A Peter, Andreas %A Rayner, Nigel W %A Renstrom, Frida %A Rice, Ken %A Sala, Cinzia F %A Sennblad, Bengt %A Serafetinidis, Ioannis %A Smith, Jennifer A %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Speliotes, Elizabeth K %A Stahl, Eli A %A Stirrups, Kathleen %A Tentolouris, Nikos %A Thanopoulou, Anastasia %A Torres, Mina %A Traglia, Michela %A Tsafantakis, Emmanouil %A Javad, Sundas %A Yanek, Lisa R %A Zengini, Eleni %A Becker, Diane M %A Bis, Joshua C %A Brown, James B %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Hansen, Torben %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Karter, Andrew J %A Lorenzo, Carlos %A Mathias, Rasika A %A Norris, Jill M %A Peloso, Gina M %A Sheu, Wayne H-H %A Toniolo, Daniela %A Vaidya, Dhananjay %A Varma, Rohit %A Wagenknecht, Lynne E %A Boeing, Heiner %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Dedoussis, George %A Deloukas, Panos %A Ferrannini, Ele %A Franco, Oscar H %A Franks, Paul W %A Gibbs, Richard A %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Hamsten, Anders %A Harris, Tamara B %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Hayward, Caroline %A Hofman, Albert %A Jansson, Jan-Håkan %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Launer, Lenore J %A Levy, Daniel %A Oostra, Ben A %A O'Donnell, Christopher J %A O'Rahilly, Stephen %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Pankow, James S %A Polasek, Ozren %A Province, Michael A %A Rich, Stephen S %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rudan, Igor %A Schulze, Matthias B %A Smith, Blair H %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Walker, Mark %A Watkins, Hugh %A Wong, Tien Y %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Laakso, Markku %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Tai, E Shyong %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Waterworth, Dawn M %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Kao, W H Linda %A Florez, Jose C %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Wilson, James G %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Siscovick, David S %A Dupuis, Josée %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Meigs, James B %A Scott, Robert A %A Goodarzi, Mark O %K Black People %K Blood Glucose %K Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 %K Exome %K Fasting %K Genetic Association Studies %K Genetic Loci %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genetic Variation %K Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor %K Glucose-6-Phosphatase %K Humans %K Insulin %K Mutation Rate %K Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K White People %X

Fasting glucose and insulin are intermediate traits for type 2 diabetes. Here we explore the role of coding variation on these traits by analysis of variants on the HumanExome BeadChip in 60,564 non-diabetic individuals and in 16,491 T2D cases and 81,877 controls. We identify a novel association of a low-frequency nonsynonymous SNV in GLP1R (A316T; rs10305492; MAF=1.4%) with lower FG (β=-0.09±0.01 mmol l(-1), P=3.4 × 10(-12)), T2D risk (OR[95%CI]=0.86[0.76-0.96], P=0.010), early insulin secretion (β=-0.07±0.035 pmolinsulin mmolglucose(-1), P=0.048), but higher 2-h glucose (β=0.16±0.05 mmol l(-1), P=4.3 × 10(-4)). We identify a gene-based association with FG at G6PC2 (pSKAT=6.8 × 10(-6)) driven by four rare protein-coding SNVs (H177Y, Y207S, R283X and S324P). We identify rs651007 (MAF=20%) in the first intron of ABO at the putative promoter of an antisense lncRNA, associating with higher FG (β=0.02±0.004 mmol l(-1), P=1.3 × 10(-8)). Our approach identifies novel coding variant associations and extends the allelic spectrum of variation underlying diabetes-related quantitative traits and T2D susceptibility.

%B Nat Commun %V 6 %P 5897 %8 2015 Jan 29 %G eng %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25631608?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/ncomms6897 %0 Journal Article %J Diabetes Care %D 2010 %T Interactions of dietary whole-grain intake with fasting glucose- and insulin-related genetic loci in individuals of European descent: a meta-analysis of 14 cohort studies. %A Nettleton, Jennifer A %A McKeown, Nicola M %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Lemaitre, Rozenn N %A Hivert, Marie-France %A Ngwa, Julius %A van Rooij, Frank J A %A Sonestedt, Emily %A Wojczynski, Mary K %A Ye, Zheng %A Tanaka, Tosh %A Garcia, Melissa %A Anderson, Jennifer S %A Follis, Jack L %A Djousse, Luc %A Mukamal, Kenneth %A Papoutsakis, Constantina %A Mozaffarian, Dariush %A Zillikens, M Carola %A Bandinelli, Stefania %A Bennett, Amanda J %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Ferrucci, Luigi %A Forouhi, Nita G %A Groves, Christopher J %A Hallmans, Goran %A Harris, Tamara %A Hofman, Albert %A Houston, Denise K %A Hu, Frank B %A Johansson, Ingegerd %A Kritchevsky, Stephen B %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Launer, Lenore %A Liu, Yongmei %A Loos, Ruth J %A Nalls, Michael %A Orho-Melander, Marju %A Renstrom, Frida %A Rice, Kenneth %A Riserus, Ulf %A Rolandsson, Olov %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Saylor, Georgia %A Sijbrands, Eric J G %A Sjogren, Per %A Smith, Albert %A Steingrímsdóttir, Laufey %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Prokopenko, Inga %A Pankow, James S %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Florez, Jose C %A Witteman, Jacqueline C M %A Dupuis, Josée %A Dedoussis, George V %A Ordovas, Jose M %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Siscovick, David S %A Franks, Paul W %A Meigs, James B %K Adult %K Aged %K Blood Glucose %K Edible Grain %K Fasting %K Female %K Genetic Loci %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Genotype %K Humans %K Insulin %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K White People %X

OBJECTIVE: Whole-grain foods are touted for multiple health benefits, including enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing type 2 diabetes risk. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in individuals free of diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that whole-grain food intake and genetic variation interact to influence concentrations of fasting glucose and insulin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Via meta-analysis of data from 14 cohorts comprising ∼ 48,000 participants of European descent, we studied interactions of whole-grain intake with loci previously associated in GWAS with fasting glucose (16 loci) and/or insulin (2 loci) concentrations. For tests of interaction, we considered a P value <0.0028 (0.05 of 18 tests) as statistically significant.

RESULTS: Greater whole-grain food intake was associated with lower fasting glucose and insulin concentrations independent of demographics, other dietary and lifestyle factors, and BMI (β [95% CI] per 1-serving-greater whole-grain intake: -0.009 mmol/l glucose [-0.013 to -0.005], P < 0.0001 and -0.011 pmol/l [ln] insulin [-0.015 to -0.007], P = 0.0003). No interactions met our multiple testing-adjusted statistical significance threshold. The strongest SNP interaction with whole-grain intake was rs780094 (GCKR) for fasting insulin (P = 0.006), where greater whole-grain intake was associated with a smaller reduction in fasting insulin concentrations in those with the insulin-raising allele.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the favorable association of whole-grain intake with fasting glucose and insulin and suggest a potential interaction between variation in GCKR and whole-grain intake in influencing fasting insulin concentrations.

%B Diabetes Care %V 33 %P 2684-91 %8 2010 Dec %G eng %N 12 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20693352?dopt=Abstract %R 10.2337/dc10-1150