%0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2019 %T Protein-coding variants implicate novel genes related to lipid homeostasis contributing to body-fat distribution. %A Justice, Anne E %A Karaderi, Tugce %A Highland, Heather M %A Young, Kristin L %A Graff, Mariaelisa %A Lu, Yingchang %A Turcot, Valérie %A Auer, Paul L %A Fine, Rebecca S %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Schurmann, Claudia %A Lempradl, Adelheid %A Marouli, Eirini %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Winkler, Thomas W %A Locke, Adam E %A Medina-Gomez, Carolina %A Esko, Tõnu %A Vedantam, Sailaja %A Giri, Ayush %A Lo, Ken Sin %A Alfred, Tamuno %A Mudgal, Poorva %A Ng, Maggie C Y %A Heard-Costa, Nancy L %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Manning, Alisa K %A Willems, Sara M %A Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh %A Abecasis, Goncalo %A Alam, Dewan S %A Allison, Matthew %A Amouyel, Philippe %A Arzumanyan, Zorayr %A Balkau, Beverley %A Bastarache, Lisa %A Bergmann, Sven %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Blüher, Matthias %A Boehnke, Michael %A Boeing, Heiner %A Eric Boerwinkle %A Böger, Carsten A %A Bork-Jensen, Jette %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Bowden, Donald W %A Brandslund, Ivan %A Broer, Linda %A Burt, Amber A %A Butterworth, Adam S %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Cesana, Giancarlo %A Chambers, John C %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Chen, Yii-Der Ida %A Chowdhury, Rajiv %A Christensen, Cramer %A Chu, Audrey Y %A Collins, Francis S %A Cook, James P %A Cox, Amanda J %A Crosslin, David S %A Danesh, John %A de Bakker, Paul I W %A Denus, Simon de %A Mutsert, Renée de %A Dedoussis, George %A Demerath, Ellen W %A Dennis, Joe G %A Denny, Josh C %A Di Angelantonio, Emanuele %A Dörr, Marcus %A Drenos, Fotios %A Dube, Marie-Pierre %A Dunning, Alison M %A Easton, Douglas F %A Elliott, Paul %A Evangelou, Evangelos %A Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni %A Feng, Shuang %A Ferrannini, Ele %A Ferrieres, Jean %A Florez, Jose C %A Fornage, Myriam %A Fox, Caroline S %A Franks, Paul W %A Friedrich, Nele %A Gan, Wei %A Gandin, Ilaria %A Gasparini, Paolo %A Giedraitis, Vilmantas %A Girotto, Giorgia %A Gorski, Mathias %A Grallert, Harald %A Grarup, Niels %A Grove, Megan L %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Haessler, Jeff %A Hansen, Torben %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Hayward, Caroline %A Heid, Iris M %A Holmen, Oddgeir L %A Hovingh, G Kees %A Howson, Joanna M M %A Hu, Yao %A Hung, Yi-Jen %A Hveem, Kristian %A Ikram, M Arfan %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Jackson, Anne U %A Jarvik, Gail P %A Jia, Yucheng %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Jousilahti, Pekka %A Justesen, Johanne M %A Kahali, Bratati %A Karaleftheri, Maria %A Kardia, Sharon L R %A Karpe, Fredrik %A Kee, Frank %A Kitajima, Hidetoshi %A Komulainen, Pirjo %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Kovacs, Peter %A Krämer, Bernhard K %A Kuulasmaa, Kari %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Laakso, Markku %A Lakka, Timo A %A Lamparter, David %A Lange, Leslie A %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Larson, Eric B %A Lee, Nanette R %A Lee, Wen-Jane %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Lewis, Cora E %A Li, Huaixing %A Li, Jin %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Lin, Li-An %A Lin, Xu %A Lind, Lars %A Lindström, Jaana %A Linneberg, Allan %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Liu, Dajiang J %A Luan, Jian'an %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A MacGregor, Stuart %A Mägi, Reedik %A Männistö, Satu %A Marenne, Gaëlle %A Marten, Jonathan %A Masca, Nicholas G D %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Meidtner, Karina %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Moilanen, Leena %A Moitry, Marie %A Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O %A Morgan, Anna %A Morris, Andrew P %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Narisu, Narisu %A Nelson, Christopher P %A Neville, Matt %A Ntalla, Ioanna %A O'Connell, Jeffrey R %A Owen, Katharine R %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Peloso, Gina M %A Pennell, Craig E %A Perola, Markus %A Perry, James A %A Perry, John R B %A Pers, Tune H %A Ewing, Ailith %A Polasek, Ozren %A Raitakari, Olli T %A Rasheed, Asif %A Raulerson, Chelsea K %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Reilly, Dermot F %A Reiner, Alex P %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rivas, Manuel A %A Robertson, Neil R %A Robino, Antonietta %A Rudan, Igor %A Ruth, Katherine S %A Saleheen, Danish %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Samani, Nilesh J %A Schreiner, Pamela J %A Schulze, Matthias B %A Scott, Robert A %A Segura-Lepe, Marcelo %A Sim, Xueling %A Slater, Andrew J %A Small, Kerrin S %A Smith, Blair H %A Smith, Jennifer A %A Southam, Lorraine %A Spector, Timothy D %A Speliotes, Elizabeth K %A Stefansson, Kari %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Stirrups, Kathleen E %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Stringham, Heather M %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Sun, Liang %A Surendran, Praveen %A Swart, Karin M A %A Tardif, Jean-Claude %A Taylor, Kent D %A Teumer, Alexander %A Thompson, Deborah J %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Thuesen, Betina H %A Tonjes, Anke %A Torres, Mina %A Tsafantakis, Emmanouil %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Uusitupa, Matti %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Vanhala, Mauno %A Varma, Rohit %A Vermeulen, Sita H %A Vestergaard, Henrik %A Vitart, Veronique %A Vogt, Thomas F %A Vuckovic, Dragana %A Wagenknecht, Lynne E %A Walker, Mark %A Wallentin, Lars %A Wang, Feijie %A Wang, Carol A %A Wang, Shuai %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Warren, Helen R %A Waterworth, Dawn M %A Wessel, Jennifer %A White, Harvey D %A Willer, Cristen J %A Wilson, James G %A Wood, Andrew R %A Wu, Ying %A Yaghootkar, Hanieh %A Yao, Jie %A Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M %A Young, Robin %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Zhan, Xiaowei %A Zhang, Weihua %A Zhao, Jing Hua %A Zhao, Wei %A Zheng, He %A Zhou, Wei %A Zillikens, M Carola %A Rivadeneira, Fernando %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Pospisilik, J Andrew %A Deloukas, Panos %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Lettre, Guillaume %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Hirschhorn, Joel N %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Loos, Ruth J F %A North, Kari E %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %K Animals %K Body Fat Distribution %K Body Mass Index %K Case-Control Studies %K Drosophila %K Exome %K Female %K Gene Frequency %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genetic Variation %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Homeostasis %K Humans %K Lipids %K Male %K Proteins %K Risk Factors %K Waist-Hip Ratio %X

Body-fat distribution is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health consequences. We analyzed the association of body-fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, with 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries (discovery) and 132,177 European-ancestry individuals (validation). We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF ≥5%) and nine low-frequency or rare (MAF <5%) coding novel variants. Pathway/gene set enrichment analyses identified lipid particle, adiponectin, abnormal white adipose tissue physiology and bone development and morphology as important contributors to fat distribution, while cross-trait associations highlight cardiometabolic traits. In functional follow-up analyses, specifically in Drosophila RNAi-knockdowns, we observed a significant increase in the total body triglyceride levels for two genes (DNAH10 and PLXND1). We implicate novel genes in fat distribution, stressing the importance of interrogating low-frequency and protein-coding variants.

%B Nat Genet %V 51 %P 452-469 %8 2019 Mar %G eng %N 3 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30778226?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/s41588-018-0334-2 %0 Journal Article %J Circ Cardiovasc Genet %D 2016 %T Rare Exome Sequence Variants in CLCN6 Reduce Blood Pressure Levels and Hypertension Risk. %A Yu, Bing %A Pulit, Sara L %A Hwang, Shih-Jen %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Amin, Najaf %A Auer, Paul L %A Bis, Joshua C %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Burke, Gregory L %A Chakravarti, Aravinda %A Correa, Adolfo %A Dreisbach, Albert W %A Franco, Oscar H %A Ehret, Georg B %A Franceschini, Nora %A Hofman, Albert %A Lin, Dan-Yu %A Metcalf, Ginger A %A Musani, Solomon K %A Muzny, Donna %A Palmas, Walter %A Raffel, Leslie %A Reiner, Alex %A Rice, Ken %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Veeraraghavan, Narayanan %A Fox, Ervin %A Guo, Xiuqing %A North, Kari E %A Gibbs, Richard A %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Levy, Daniel %A Newton-Cheh, Christopher %A Morrison, Alanna C %K Alleles %K Black People %K Blood Pressure %K Chloride Channels %K Exome %K Female %K Gene Frequency %K Humans %K Hypertension %K Male %K Risk Factors %K White People %X

BACKGROUND: Rare genetic variants influence blood pressure (BP).

METHODS AND RESULTS: Whole-exome sequencing was performed on DNA samples from 17 956 individuals of European ancestry and African ancestry (14 497, first-stage discovery and 3459, second-stage discovery) to examine the effect of rare variants on hypertension and 4 BP traits: systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure. Tests of ≈170 000 common variants (minor allele frequency, ≥1%; statistical significance, P≤2.9×10(-7)) and gene-based tests of rare variants (minor allele frequency, <1%; ≈17 000 genes; statistical significance, P≤1.5×10(-6)) were evaluated for each trait and ancestry, followed by multiethnic meta-analyses. In the first-stage discovery, rare coding variants (splicing, stop-gain, stop-loss, nonsynonymous variants, or indels) in CLCN6 were associated with lower diastolic BP (cumulative minor allele frequency, 1.3%; β=-3.20; P=4.1×10(-6)) and were independent of a nearby common variant (rs17367504) previously associated with BP. CLCN6 rare variants were also associated with lower systolic BP (β=-4.11; P=2.8×10(-4)), mean arterial pressure (β=-3.50; P=8.9×10(-6)), and reduced hypertension risk (odds ratio, 0.72; P=0.017). Meta-analysis of the 2-stage discovery samples showed that CLCN6 was associated with lower diastolic BP at exome-wide significance (cumulative minor allele frequency, 1.1%; β=-3.30; P=5.0×10(-7)).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings implicate the effect of rare coding variants in CLCN6 in BP variation and offer new insights into BP regulation.

%B Circ Cardiovasc Genet %V 9 %P 64-70 %8 2016 Feb %G eng %N 1 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26658788?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.115.001215