%0 Journal Article %J Genome Biol %D 2016 %T Genome of the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), a globally significant invasive species, reveals key functional and evolutionary innovations at the beetle-plant interface. %A McKenna, Duane D %A Scully, Erin D %A Pauchet, Yannick %A Hoover, Kelli %A Kirsch, Roy %A Geib, Scott M %A Mitchell, Robert F %A Waterhouse, Robert M %A Ahn, Seung-Joon %A Arsala, Deanna %A Benoit, Joshua B %A Blackmon, Heath %A Bledsoe, Tiffany %A Bowsher, Julia H %A Busch, André %A Calla, Bernarda %A Chao, Hsu %A Childers, Anna K %A Childers, Christopher %A Clarke, Dave J %A Cohen, Lorna %A Demuth, Jeffery P %A Dinh, Huyen %A Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan %A Dolan, Amanda %A Duan, Jian J %A Dugan, Shannon %A Friedrich, Markus %A Glastad, Karl M %A Goodisman, Michael A D %A Haddad, Stephanie %A Han, Yi %A Hughes, Daniel S T %A Ioannidis, Panagiotis %A Johnston, J Spencer %A Jones, Jeffery W %A Kuhn, Leslie A %A Lance, David R %A Lee, Chien-Yueh %A Lee, Sandra L %A Lin, Han %A Lynch, Jeremy A %A Moczek, Armin P %A Murali, Shwetha C %A Muzny, Donna M %A Nelson, David R %A Palli, Subba R %A Panfilio, Kristen A %A Pers, Dan %A Poelchau, Monica F %A Quan, Honghu %A Qu, Jiaxin %A Ray, Ann M %A Rinehart, Joseph P %A Robertson, Hugh M %A Roehrdanz, Richard %A Rosendale, Andrew J %A Shin, Seunggwan %A Silva, Christian %A Torson, Alex S %A Jentzsch, Iris M Vargas %A Werren, John H %A Worley, Kim C %A Yocum, George %A Zdobnov, Evgeny M %A Gibbs, Richard A %A Richards, Stephen %K Animals %K Coleoptera %K Evolution, Molecular %K Gene Transfer, Horizontal %K Genome, Insect %K Host-Parasite Interactions %K Introduced Species %K Larva %K Sequence Analysis, DNA %K Trees %X

BACKGROUND: Relatively little is known about the genomic basis and evolution of wood-feeding in beetles. We undertook genome sequencing and annotation, gene expression assays, studies of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, and other functional and comparative studies of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, a globally significant invasive species capable of inflicting severe feeding damage on many important tree species. Complementary studies of genes encoding enzymes involved in digestion of woody plant tissues or detoxification of plant allelochemicals were undertaken with the genomes of 14 additional insects, including the newly sequenced emerald ash borer and bull-headed dung beetle.

RESULTS: The Asian longhorned beetle genome encodes a uniquely diverse arsenal of enzymes that can degrade the main polysaccharide networks in plant cell walls, detoxify plant allelochemicals, and otherwise facilitate feeding on woody plants. It has the metabolic plasticity needed to feed on diverse plant species, contributing to its highly invasive nature. Large expansions of chemosensory genes involved in the reception of pheromones and plant kairomones are consistent with the complexity of chemical cues it uses to find host plants and mates.

CONCLUSIONS: Amplification and functional divergence of genes associated with specialized feeding on plants, including genes originally obtained via horizontal gene transfer from fungi and bacteria, contributed to the addition, expansion, and enhancement of the metabolic repertoire of the Asian longhorned beetle, certain other phytophagous beetles, and to a lesser degree, other phytophagous insects. Our results thus begin to establish a genomic basis for the evolutionary success of beetles on plants.

%B Genome Biol %V 17 %P 227 %8 2016 Nov 11 %G eng %N 1 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27832824?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1186/s13059-016-1088-8 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Commun %D 2015 %T Lucilia cuprina genome unlocks parasitic fly biology to underpin future interventions. %A Anstead, Clare A %A Korhonen, Pasi K %A Young, Neil D %A Hall, Ross S %A Jex, Aaron R %A Murali, Shwetha C %A Hughes, Daniel S T %A Lee, Siu F %A Perry, Trent %A Stroehlein, Andreas J %A Ansell, Brendan R E %A Breugelmans, Bert %A Hofmann, Andreas %A Qu, Jiaxin %A Dugan, Shannon %A Lee, Sandra L %A Chao, Hsu %A Dinh, Huyen %A Han, Yi %A Doddapaneni, Harsha V %A Worley, Kim C %A Muzny, Donna M %A Ioannidis, Panagiotis %A Waterhouse, Robert M %A Zdobnov, Evgeny M %A James, Peter J %A Bagnall, Neil H %A Kotze, Andrew C %A Gibbs, Richard A %A Richards, Stephen %A Batterham, Philip %A Gasser, Robin B %K Animals %K Diptera %K Female %K Gene Expression Regulation %K Genome, Insect %K Insect Proteins %K Insecticide Resistance %K Insecticides %K Larva %K Male %K Transcriptome %X

Lucilia cuprina is a parasitic fly of major economic importance worldwide. Larvae of this fly invade their animal host, feed on tissues and excretions and progressively cause severe skin disease (myiasis). Here we report the sequence and annotation of the 458-megabase draft genome of Lucilia cuprina. Analyses of this genome and the 14,544 predicted protein-encoding genes provide unique insights into the fly's molecular biology, interactions with the host animal and insecticide resistance. These insights have broad implications for designing new methods for the prevention and control of myiasis.

%B Nat Commun %V 6 %P 7344 %8 2015 Jun 25 %G eng %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26108605?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/ncomms8344 %0 Journal Article %J Curr Biol %D 2015 %T A massive expansion of effector genes underlies gall-formation in the wheat pest Mayetiola destructor. %A Zhao, Chaoyang %A Escalante, Lucio Navarro %A Chen, Hang %A Benatti, Thiago R %A Qu, Jiaxin %A Chellapilla, Sanjay %A Waterhouse, Robert M %A Wheeler, David %A Andersson, Martin N %A Bao, Riyue %A Batterton, Matthew %A Behura, Susanta K %A Blankenburg, Kerstin P %A Caragea, Doina %A Carolan, James C %A Coyle, Marcus %A El-Bouhssini, Mustapha %A Francisco, Liezl %A Friedrich, Markus %A Gill, Navdeep %A Grace, Tony %A Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J P %A Yi Han %A Hauser, Frank %A Herndon, Nicolae %A Holder, Michael %A Ioannidis, Panagiotis %A Jackson, Laronda %A Javaid, Mehwish %A Jhangiani, Shalini N %A Johnson, Alisha J %A Kalra, Divya %A Korchina, Viktoriya %A Kovar, Christie L %A Lara, Fremiet %A Lee, Sandra L %A Liu, Xuming %A Löfstedt, Christer %A Mata, Robert %A Mathew, Tittu %A Donna M Muzny %A Nagar, Swapnil %A Nazareth, Lynne V %A Okwuonu, Geoffrey %A Ongeri, Fiona %A Perales, Lora %A Peterson, Brittany F %A Pu, Ling-Ling %A Robertson, Hugh M %A Schemerhorn, Brandon J %A Steven E Scherer %A Shreve, Jacob T %A Simmons, DeNard %A Subramanyam, Subhashree %A Thornton, Rebecca L %A Xue, Kun %A Weissenberger, George M %A Williams, Christie E %A Worley, Kim C %A Zhu, Dianhui %A Zhu, Yiming %A Harris, Marion O %A Shukle, Richard H %A Werren, John H %A Zdobnov, Evgeny M %A Chen, Ming-Shun %A Brown, Susan J %A Stuart, Jeffery J %A Richards, Stephen %K Adaptation, Biological %K Amino Acid Sequence %K Animals %K Base Sequence %K Chromosomes %K Diptera %K Larva %K Models, Genetic %K Molecular Sequence Data %K Multigene Family %K Phylogeny %K Plant Tumors %K Sequence Analysis, DNA %K Sequence Homology %K Sexual Behavior, Animal %K Triticum %K Two-Hybrid System Techniques %K Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases %X

Gall-forming arthropods are highly specialized herbivores that, in combination with their hosts, produce extended phenotypes with unique morphologies [1]. Many are economically important, and others have improved our understanding of ecology and adaptive radiation [2]. However, the mechanisms that these arthropods use to induce plant galls are poorly understood. We sequenced the genome of the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a plant parasitic gall midge and a pest of wheat (Triticum spp.), with the aim of identifying genic modifications that contribute to its plant-parasitic lifestyle. Among several adaptive modifications, we discovered an expansive reservoir of potential effector proteins. Nearly 5% of the 20,163 predicted gene models matched putative effector gene transcripts present in the M. destructor larval salivary gland. Another 466 putative effectors were discovered among the genes that have no sequence similarities in other organisms. The largest known arthropod gene family (family SSGP-71) was also discovered within the effector reservoir. SSGP-71 proteins lack sequence homologies to other proteins, but their structures resemble both ubiquitin E3 ligases in plants and E3-ligase-mimicking effectors in plant pathogenic bacteria. SSGP-71 proteins and wheat Skp proteins interact in vivo. Mutations in different SSGP-71 genes avoid the effector-triggered immunity that is directed by the wheat resistance genes H6 and H9. Results point to effectors as the agents responsible for arthropod-induced plant gall formation.

%B Curr Biol %V 25 %P 613-20 %8 2015 Mar 02 %G eng %N 5 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25660540?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.057