%0 Journal Article %J Nature %D 2006 %T The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12. %A Scherer, Steven E %A Donna M Muzny %A Buhay, Christian J %A Rui Chen %A Cree, Andrew %A Ding, Yan %A Dugan-Rocha, Shannon %A Gill, Rachel %A Gunaratne, Preethi %A R. Alan Harris %A Hawes, Alicia C %A Hernandez, Judith %A Hodgson, Anne V %A Hume, Jennifer %A Jackson, Andrew %A Ziad Khan %A Kovar-Smith, Christie %A Lewis, Lora R %A Lozado, Ryan J %A Metzker, Michael L %A Milosavljevic, Aleksandar %A Miner, George R %A Montgomery, Kate T %A Morgan, Margaret B %A Nazareth, Lynne V %A Scott, Graham %A Sodergren, Erica %A Song, Xing-Zhi %A Steffen, David %A Lovering, Ruth C %A Wheeler, David A %A Worley, Kim C %A Yuan, Yi %A Zhang, Zhengdong %A Adams, Charles Q %A Ansari-Lari, M Ali %A Ayele, Mulu %A Brown, Mary J %A Chen, Guan %A Chen, Zhijian %A Clerc-Blankenburg, Kerstin P %A Davis, Clay %A Delgado, Oliver %A Dinh, Huyen H %A Draper, Heather %A Gonzalez-Garay, Manuel L %A Havlak, Paul %A Jackson, Laronda R %A Jacob, Leni S %A Kelly, Susan H %A Li, Li %A Li, Zhangwan %A Liu, Jing %A Liu, Wen %A Lu, Jing %A Maheshwari, Manjula %A Nguyen, Bao-Viet %A Okwuonu, Geoffrey O %A Pasternak, Shiran %A Perez, Lesette M %A Plopper, Farah J H %A Santibanez, Jireh %A Shen, Hua %A Tabor, Paul E %A Verduzco, Daniel %A Waldron, Lenée %A Wang, Qiaoyan %A Williams, Gabrielle A %A Zhang, Jingkun %A Zhou, Jianling %A Allen, Carlana C %A Amin, Anita G %A Anyalebechi, Vivian %A Bailey, Michael %A Barbaria, Joseph A %A Bimage, Kesha E %A Bryant, Nathaniel P %A Burch, Paula E %A Burkett, Carrie E %A Burrell, Kevin L %A Calderon, Eliana %A Cardenas, Veronica %A Carter, Kelvin %A Casias, Kristal %A Cavazos, Iracema %A Cavazos, Sandra R %A Ceasar, Heather %A Chacko, Joseph %A Chan, Sheryl N %A Chavez, Dean %A Christopoulos, Constantine %A Chu, Joseph %A Cockrell, Raynard %A Cox, Caroline D %A Dang, Michelle %A Dathorne, Stephanie R %A David, Robert %A Davis, Candi Mon'Et %A Davy-Carroll, Latarsha %A Deshazo, Denise R %A Donlin, Jeremy E %A D'Souza, Lisa %A Eaves, Kristy A %A Simons, Rain %A Emery-Cohen, Alexandra J %A Escotto, Michael %A Flagg, Nicole %A Forbes, Lisa D %A Gabisi, Abdul M %A Garza, Melissa %A Hamilton, Cerissa %A Henderson, Nicholas %A Hernandez, Omar %A Hines, Sandra %A Hogues, Marilyn E %A Huang, Mei %A Idlebird, DeVincent G %A Johnson, Rudy %A Jolivet, Angela %A Jones, Sally %A Kagan, Ryan %A King, Laquisha M %A Leal, Belita %A Lebow, Heather %A Lee, Sandra %A LeVan, Jaclyn M %A Lewis, Lakeshia C %A London, Pamela %A Lorensuhewa, Lorna M %A Loulseged, Hermela %A Lovett, Demetria A %A Lucier, Alice %A Lucier, Raymond L %A Ma, Jie %A Madu, Renita C %A Mapua, Patricia %A Martindale, Ashley D %A Martinez, Evangelina %A Massey, Elizabeth %A Mawhiney, Samantha %A Meador, Michael G %A Mendez, Sylvia %A Mercado, Christian %A Mercado, Iracema C %A Merritt, Christina E %A Miner, Zachary L %A Minja, Emmanuel %A Mitchell, Teresa %A Mohabbat, Farida %A Mohabbat, Khatera %A Montgomery, Baize %A Moore, Niki %A Morris, Sidney %A Munidasa, Mala %A Ngo, Robin N %A Nguyen, Ngoc B %A Nickerson, Elizabeth %A Nwaokelemeh, Ogechi O %A Nwokenkwo, Stanley %A Obregon, Melissa %A Oguh, Maryann %A Oragunye, Njideka %A Oviedo, Rodolfo J %A Parish, Bridgette J %A Parker, David N %A Parrish, Julia %A Parks, Kenya L %A Paul, Heidie A %A Payton, Brett A %A Perez, Agapito %A Perrin, William %A Pickens, Adam %A Primus, Eltrick L %A Pu, Ling-Ling %A Puazo, Maria %A Quiles, Miyo M %A Quiroz, Juana B %A Rabata, Dina %A Reeves, Kacy %A Ruiz, San Juana %A Shao, Hongmei %A Sisson, Ida %A Sonaike, Titilola %A Sorelle, Richard P %A Sutton, Angelica E %A Svatek, Amanda F %A Svetz, Leah Anne %A Tamerisa, Kavitha S %A Taylor, Tineace R %A Teague, Brian %A Thomas, Nicole %A Thorn, Rachel D %A Trejos, Zulma Y %A Trevino, Brenda K %A Ukegbu, Ogechi N %A Urban, Jeremy B %A Vasquez, Lydia I %A Vera, Virginia A %A Villasana, Donna M %A Wang, Ling %A Ward-Moore, Stephanie %A Warren, James T %A Wei, Xuehong %A White, Flower %A Williamson, Angela L %A Wleczyk, Regina %A Wooden, Hailey S %A Wooden, Steven H %A Yen, Jennifer %A Yoon, Lillienne %A Yoon, Vivienne %A Zorrilla, Sara E %A Nelson, David %A Kucherlapati, Raju %A Weinstock, George %A Richard A Gibbs %K Animals %K Base Composition %K Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 %K CpG Islands %K Evolution, Molecular %K Expressed Sequence Tags %K Genes %K Humans %K Linkage Disequilibrium %K Microsatellite Repeats %K Molecular Sequence Data %K Mutagenesis, Insertional %K Pan troglodytes %K Sequence Analysis, DNA %K Sequence Deletion %K Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements %K Synteny %X

Human chromosome 12 contains more than 1,400 coding genes and 487 loci that have been directly implicated in human disease. The q arm of chromosome 12 contains one of the largest blocks of linkage disequilibrium found in the human genome. Here we present the finished sequence of human chromosome 12, which has been finished to high quality and spans approximately 132 megabases, representing approximately 4.5% of the human genome. Alignment of the human chromosome 12 sequence across vertebrates reveals the origin of individual segments in chicken, and a unique history of rearrangement through rodent and primate lineages. The rate of base substitutions in recent evolutionary history shows an overall slowing in hominids compared with primates and rodents.

%B Nature %V 440 %P 346-51 %8 2006 Mar 16 %G eng %N 7082 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16541075?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/nature04569 %0 Journal Article %J J Bacteriol %D 2004 %T Complete genome sequence of Rickettsia typhi and comparison with sequences of other rickettsiae. %A McLeod, Michael P %A Qin, Xiang %A Karpathy, Sandor E %A Gioia, Jason %A Highlander, Sarah K %A Fox, George E %A McNeill, Thomas Z %A Jiang, Huaiyang %A Muzny, Donna %A Jacob, Leni S %A Hawes, Alicia C %A Sodergren, Erica %A Gill, Rachel %A Hume, Jennifer %A Morgan, Maggie %A Fan, Guangwei %A Amin, Anita G %A Gibbs, Richard A %A Hong, Chao %A Yu, Xue-Jie %A Walker, David H %A Weinstock, George M %K Chromosome Inversion %K DNA, Bacterial %K Electron Transport Complex IV %K Frameshifting, Ribosomal %K Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial %K Gene Rearrangement %K Genes, Bacterial %K Genes, rRNA %K Genome, Bacterial %K Genomics %K Molecular Sequence Data %K Pseudogenes %K Rickettsia %K Rickettsia conorii %K Rickettsia typhi %K RNA, Transfer %K RNA, Untranslated %K Sequence Analysis, DNA %K Sequence Homology %K Synteny %X

Rickettsia typhi, the causative agent of murine typhus, is an obligate intracellular bacterium with a life cycle involving both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Here we present the complete genome sequence of R. typhi (1,111,496 bp) and compare it to the two published rickettsial genome sequences: R. prowazekii and R. conorii. We identified 877 genes in R. typhi encoding 3 rRNAs, 33 tRNAs, 3 noncoding RNAs, and 838 proteins, 3 of which are frameshifts. In addition, we discovered more than 40 pseudogenes, including the entire cytochrome c oxidase system. The three rickettsial genomes share 775 genes: 23 are found only in R. prowazekii and R. typhi, 15 are found only in R. conorii and R. typhi, and 24 are unique to R. typhi. Although most of the genes are colinear, there is a 35-kb inversion in gene order, which is close to the replication terminus, in R. typhi, compared to R. prowazekii and R. conorii. In addition, we found a 124-kb R. typhi-specific inversion, starting 19 kb from the origin of replication, compared to R. prowazekii and R. conorii. Inversions in this region are also seen in the unpublished genome sequences of R. sibirica and R. rickettsii, indicating that this region is a hot spot for rearrangements. Genome comparisons also revealed a 12-kb insertion in the R. prowazekii genome, relative to R. typhi and R. conorii, which appears to have occurred after the typhus (R. prowazekii and R. typhi) and spotted fever (R. conorii) groups diverged. The three-way comparison allowed further in silico analysis of the SpoT split genes, leading us to propose that the stringent response system is still functional in these rickettsiae.

%B J Bacteriol %V 186 %P 5842-55 %8 2004 Sep %G eng %N 17 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15317790?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1128/JB.186.17.5842-5855.2004