Title | Germline PRKACA amplification causes variable phenotypes that may depend on the extent of the genomic defect: molecular mechanisms and clinical presentations. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Authors | Lodish, MB, Yuan, B, Levy, I, Braunstein, GD, Lyssikatos, C, Salpea, P, Szarek, E, Karageorgiadis, AS, Belyavskaya, E, Raygada, M, Faucz, FRueda, Izzat, L, Brain, C, Gardner, J, Quezado, M, J Carney, A, Lupski, JR, Stratakis, CA |
Journal | Eur J Endocrinol |
Volume | 172 |
Issue | 6 |
Pagination | 803-11 |
Date Published | 2015 06 |
ISSN | 1479-683X |
Keywords | Adrenal Glands, Adrenalectomy, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Cushing Syndrome, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits, DNA Copy Number Variations, Female, Gene Amplification, Humans, Hyperplasia, Male, Phenotype, Young Adult |
Abstract | OBJECTIVE: We have recently reported five patients with bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia (BAH) and Cushing's syndrome (CS) caused by constitutive activation of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PRKACA). By doing new in-depth analysis of their cytogenetic abnormality, we attempted a better genotype-phenotype correlation of their PRKACA amplification. DESIGN: This study is a case series. METHODS: Molecular cytogenetic, genomic, clinical, and histopathological analyses were performed in five patients with CS. RESULTS: Reinvestigation of the defects of previously described patients by state-of-the-art molecular cytogenetics showed complex genomic rearrangements in the chromosome 19p13.2p13.12 locus, resulting in copy number gains encompassing the entire PRKACA gene; three patients (one sporadic case and two related cases) were observed with gains consistent with duplications, while two sporadic patients were observed with gains consistent with triplications. Although all five patients presented with ACTH-independent CS, the three sporadic patients had micronodular BAH and underwent bilateral adrenalectomy in early childhood, whereas the two related patients, a mother and a son, presented with macronodular BAH as adults. In at least one patient, PRKACA triplication was associated with a more severe phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Constitutional chromosomal PRKACA gene amplification is a recently identified genetic defect associated with CS, a trait that may be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner or occur de novo. Genomic rearrangements can be complex and can result in different copy number states of dosage-sensitive genes, e.g., duplication and triplication. PRKACA amplification can lead to variable phenotypes clinically and pathologically, both micro- and macro-nodular BAH, the latter of which we speculate may depend on the extent of amplification. |
DOI | 10.1530/EJE-14-1154 |
Alternate Journal | Eur J Endocrinol |
PubMed ID | 25924874 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC4428149 |
Grant List | U54 HG006542 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States R01NS058529 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States U54HG006542 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States Z01 HD000642-10 / / Intramural NIH HHS / United States R01 NS058529 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States |
Germline PRKACA amplification causes variable phenotypes that may depend on the extent of the genomic defect: molecular mechanisms and clinical presentations.
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