Mind the gap: upgrading genomes with Pacific Biosciences RS long-read sequencing technology.

TitleMind the gap: upgrading genomes with Pacific Biosciences RS long-read sequencing technology.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2012
AuthorsEnglish, AC, Richards, S, Han, Y, Wang, M, Vee, V, Qu, J, Qin, X, Muzny, DM, Reid, JG, Worley, KC, Gibbs, RA
JournalPLoS One
Volume7
Issue11
Paginatione47768
Date Published2012
ISSN1932-6203
KeywordsAnimals, Base Sequence, Cercocebus atys, Databases, Genetic, Decision Making, Drosophila, Genome, Melopsittacus, Reproducibility of Results, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Software
Abstract

Many genomes have been sequenced to high-quality draft status using Sanger capillary electrophoresis and/or newer short-read sequence data and whole genome assembly techniques. However, even the best draft genomes contain gaps and other imperfections due to limitations in the input data and the techniques used to build draft assemblies. Sequencing biases, repetitive genomic features, genomic polymorphism, and other complicating factors all come together to make some regions difficult or impossible to assemble. Traditionally, draft genomes were upgraded to "phase 3 finished" status using time-consuming and expensive Sanger-based manual finishing processes. For more facile assembly and automated finishing of draft genomes, we present here an automated approach to finishing using long-reads from the Pacific Biosciences RS (PacBio) platform. Our algorithm and associated software tool, PBJelly, (publicly available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/pb-jelly/) automates the finishing process using long sequence reads in a reference-guided assembly process. PBJelly also provides "lift-over" co-ordinate tables to easily port existing annotations to the upgraded assembly. Using PBJelly and long PacBio reads, we upgraded the draft genome sequences of a simulated Drosophila melanogaster, the version 2 draft Drosophila pseudoobscura, an assembly of the Assemblathon 2.0 budgerigar dataset, and a preliminary assembly of the Sooty mangabey. With 24× mapped coverage of PacBio long-reads, we addressed 99% of gaps and were able to close 69% and improve 12% of all gaps in D. pseudoobscura. With 4× mapped coverage of PacBio long-reads we saw reads address 63% of gaps in our budgerigar assembly, of which 32% were closed and 63% improved. With 6.8× mapped coverage of mangabey PacBio long-reads we addressed 97% of gaps and closed 66% of addressed gaps and improved 19%. The accuracy of gap closure was validated by comparison to Sanger sequencing on gaps from the original D. pseudoobscura draft assembly and shown to be dependent on initial reference quality.

DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0047768
Alternate JournalPLoS One
PubMed ID23185243
PubMed Central IDPMC3504050
Grant ListS10 RR026605 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States
U54 HG003273 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States
1S10RR026605-01 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States

Similar Publications