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Ascosphaera apis is the fungal cause of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) larval disease chalkbrood. Spores of this fungus germinate within the digestive tract of bees, then begin mycelial growth during the last instar of larval development. Dead larval and pupal bees appear chalky thanks to growth throughout the bee of mycelia. These chalky 'mummies' are highly infectious, and spores of this fungus often reinfect colonies via stored food supplies or direct transport to younger larvae by adult bees working within the nest. Adult bees reduce the effects of this fungus on the colony by frequently identifying and removing diseased individuals. The disease is associated with high brood density (productivity) and cooler outside temperatures.
References for Ascosphaera apis and chalkbrood
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